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Search Site Anishinabe | Algonquian Tribes | Ojibway Language
Shoshone Ojibwa's | Ojibwa Tribes
Alberta is not far from Clearwater River First Nation Reserve. Below are links to google map photos of their communities of Clearwater River and La Loche and a satellite image of their community of Black Point. These Chipewyan's or Ojibwa's live just north of Churchill River which is a boundary between Ojibwa's and northern Ojibwa's or the Chipewyan. According to 1832's Edinburgh Encyclopedia, Athabascan People including Chipewyan, are Algonquin. Included as a Clearwater River First Nation community, is La Loche. On-Reserve population of Clearwater River First Nation is 836 according to 2021's census. They have 230 dwellings with 212 lived in. Average household size is 3.9 persons per household. Around 555 speak Corrupted Ojibwa Language. As mentioned, Chipewyan People are Ojibwa. They use an Ojibwa "n" plural instead of an English "s" plural. Chippewan and Chippewas. La Loche is 4.0 miles or 6.4 kilometers southeast of the Clearwater River First Nation community of Clearwater River. It's not considered on Reserve land! It has a population of 2,514 according to 2021's census. Around 1,670 speak Corrupted Ojibwa Language at La Loche. As mentioned, Chipewyan People are really Ojibwa. They've been brainwashed! Black Point (Ma-ka-de Ne in Ojibwa) is another of their towns. Cree People are really the Athabascan Beaver Tribe. There are no Cree First Nations at Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec! Below the photos are excerpts from very old books that will help educate you! Look for the 18th century maps. Instead of south to north they are from southeast to northwest. Churchill River is the north boundary. A few Assiniboine and Cree lived west of Lake Winnipeg but were driven to the northwest by 1800 by Ojibwa Soldiers. Churchill River was a boundary used in the 18th century. From Churchill, Manitoba to South Indian Lake, Manitoba to Sandy Bay, Saskatchewan to Buffalo Narrows, Saskatchewan where the source of Churchill River is, this river flows for 1,000 miles. It's source is Churchill Lake, Saskatchewan. All land north of Churchill River is Chipewyan land. Chipewyan is the correct pronunciation of O Chib-bwan or Chib-bwan which means "The Originals and Originals in Ojibwa Language."
Chipewyan People originally lived at the Barren Lands at what is now Nunavut. Samuel Hearne wrote about them in his 18th century book. Some good comments while others not so good comments. Apparently they had no religion or no belief in a Creator and Great Spirit. Hearned termed them northern Indians while he termed the Beaver Tribe (the Assiniboine and Cree) southern Indians. Chipewyan Soldiers were fighting an Asian People brought to North America by Russians who Ojibwa's named "Ish-gi-moag." Ojibwa's also named whites "Ish-gi-moag." It means 'Mystery People and Secret People' in Ojibwa Language. Life on the Barren Lands was difficult for Chipewyan People. Since their land held no source for fuel they were known to eat fish and meat raw. Whites stationed at Fort Churchill were often prone to warn Chipewyan leaders to not harm Inuit People. Most times Chipewyan leaders ignored them. Attention on Fort Churchill troubled Chipewyan leaders who knew destroying the fort was almost impossible. It's walls were 10 to 30 feet thick.
Chipewyans lived as far west as the east shores of Great Slave Lake and slightly to the south. Samuel Hearne described their land south of the east shores of Great Slave Lake as a sort of paradise. Never did they go hungry and their land at that location held scattered areas of forests. To their south was the Beaver Tribe (the Assiniboine and Cree) who greatly upset Ojibwa leaders further south. Instead of fighting the white invaders many selected to be lured to Hudson Bay Company Forts around Hudson Bay. Whites used alcohol and drugs to lure them. So addicted to alcohol and drugs were they, they'd pimp their women, kill off wild game and take care of the staff and soldiers at the European Forts by fishing and hunting for them. Whites took to calling them Home Guards. That infuriated Ojibwa leaders who knew they had to bring them back under their control. Ojibwa's fighting among each other was not tolerated by Ojibwa leaders. However, the Beaver Tribe (the Assiniboine and Cree) proved they rather fight other Ojibwa's. In response Ojibwa leaders sent large numbers of their soldiers north. By 1800 they controlled land as far north as Churchill River and brought most idiotic Ojibwa's back under their control.
However, many kept at or near European Forts and Trade Posts. During the late 18th century and early 19th century, American's and Russians had established forst at north Alberta, north British Columbia and the Northwest Territories. The Beaver Tribe (the Assiniboine and Cree) made themselves at home at the forts. Eventually Ojibwa Soldiers forced them west of Peace River at Alberta. Chipwewyan People colonized the land between Churchill River and to the north where their original territory was. Churchill River became their south boundary by 1800. Before 1800 their south boundary was located near the south boundary of Nunavut. And they continued to wage war against the Inuit. Their war against the Inuit (the Asian People brought to North America by Russia) was lengthy. Possibly close to 250 years. During the war, Chipewyan's took many Inuit People captive and the Inuit took many Chipewyan's captive. By mid 19th century their war was over. Ojibwa leaders encouraged Chipewyan People to colonize land between Churchill River and their original south boundary. Chipewyan's eventually left the Barren Lands yet not all of the Barren Lands. Hunting parties of Chipewyan's left for the Barren Lands from extreme south Nunavut where scattered areas of forests are, to hunt for caribou.
In 1774, Andrew Graham who worked at Fort Churchill, drew a map of Northern Ojibwa Territory. His knowledge of the land is descent for this time. However, you can easily tell that the 1774 map of Graham has been violated. A person or persons made changes to the 1774 map that Graham drew. Graham definitely knew of Churchill River and probably sailed up Churchill River for a considerable distance. Other whites working at Fort Churchill sailed up Churchill River even further. It's likely they reached the source of Churchill River which is Churchill Lake where Buffalo Narrows is located. There's a photo of Churchill Lake at Buffalo Narrows below. Graham drew the map to depict the territory of Northern Ojibwa's. He named them Nakawawuk and Nekawawuck. They also have other names. Ojibwa's were already living between Lake Winnipeg west to the Rocky Mountains which Graham probably knew. However, he or some other person wrote that eastern Assinipoets and eastern Keskatchewans lived between Lake Winnipeg and the Rocky Mountains. That was a mistake. When you look at the 1774 map that Graham drew you'll become confused because it's not from south to north. It's from southeast to northwest. We don't know if Graham drew the map that way or if someone violated his 1774 map that way. It makes figuring this and that out somewhat difficult. Use Bing maps, google maps or google earth to find where Churchill, Manitoba is located. That's where Fort Churchill was. Churchill River is almost adjacent to Churchill, Manitoba. Follow Churchill River on the map and it leads to it's source which is Churchill Lake where Buffalo Narrows, Saskatchewan is.
By 1774, the Beaver Tribe (the Assiniboine and Cree) had pitched their camps at Cumberland House, Saskatchewan. That Graham knew about. 1774 commenced an inland invasion by Europeans from Hudson Bay to reach Russians at Alberta or British Columbia. Dogrib People (Ateemouspecky) were living at north Saskatchewan (north of Churchill River) in 1774. According to Graham the Keskatchewan were living north of Chruchill River at Manitoba. North of them were Chipewyan People. During 1750-1763's War, Ojibwa's had forced their way as far north as Churchill River to discipline Ojibwa Traitors who sided with whites. Most were brought back under Ojibwa control. Those who stayed at or near European Forts around Hudson Bay, caused Ojibwa People much trouble. They actually helped whites establish inland forts and trade posts during the 1770, 1780's, 1790's and early 19th century, which led Ojibwa Soldiers to wage war against them. Most of the Ojibwa Traitors (the Beaver Tribe or Assiniboine and Cree) were forced west of Peace River at north Alberta.
Adjacent to Chipewyan People on the west were Dogrib People or the Ateemouspecky. Where their boundary was is not known and the 1774 map is difficult to ascertain yet it appears that the Dogrib or Ateemouspecky lived at southwest Nunavut. If they did that means Chipewyan People only lived on the Barren Grounds during those times. Being the northern most Ojibwa's, the Chipewyan did as they were instructed by Ojibwa leaders. That was to wage war against whites and the Inuit. It was mainly the Iunit they waged war against. Russians brought them to North America to fight wars for whites. By 1800, Ojibwa Soldiers were in control of all land between Hudson Bay and the Rocky Mountains. Europeans were strongly established at several forts at north Alberta, north British Columbia and the west portion of Northwest Territories. Saskatchewan was dangerous. Few Ojibwa Traitors lived at or near white trade posts during those times at Saskatchewan.
Somehow Chipewyan People forced their way south and west and colonized land north of Churchill River as far west as northeast Alberta and Slave River at Northwest Territories. Ojibwa leaders were so concerned about Ojibwa Traitors they took to enslaving them to prevent them from causing Civil War. American's and Russians were strongly established at forts at north Alberta, north British Columbia and the McKenzie River region at the west portion of Northwest Territories. Dogrib People or the Ateemouspecky were driven north of Great Slave Lake. Peace River became a boundary the Beaver Tribe (the Assiniboine and Cree) observed. Graham wrote the name Assiniboine as Asenepoets. It's pronounced "Ah-sin-ni-poats." They're also known as the Sekani who are really from the Beaver Tribe. Ojibwa People hated them for being traitors!
Satellite Image of Clearwater River
Satellite Image of Black Point
Clearwater River Road Close Up
Clearwater River Road Close Up
Clearwater River Road Close Up
Clearwater River Road Close Up
Clearwater River Road Close Up
Clearwater River Road Close Up
Clearwater River Road Close Up
Clearwater River Road Close Up
Clearwater River Road Close Up
Clearwater River Road Close Up
Clearwater River Road Close Up
Clearwater River Road Close Up
Satellite Image of La Loche
La Loche Road Close Up
La Loche Road Close Up
La Loche Road Close Up
La Loche Road Close Up
La Loche Road Close Up
La Loche Road Close Up
La Loche Road Close Up
La Loche Road Close Up
La Loche Road Close Up
La Loche Road Close Up
La Loche Road Close Up
La Loche Road Close Up
La Loche Road Close Up
La Loche Road Close Up
La Loche Road Close Up
La Loche Road Close Up
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Look for the mountain peak shape on the map. That's where Churchill is located. Churchill River is almost adjacent to Churchill Town. Part London of Hudson Bay is written above the mountain shaped peak. You can tell it's been violated! It should read "Part of Hudson Bay." Andrew Graham drew the map in 1774. In 1991, another source "Ruggles," either copied the 1774 map of Andrew Graham or changed it. Lake Winnipeg and Lake Manitoba (Mantouabau) look awkward!. That's because the map is from southeast to northwest. Nekawawuck Indian Country represents Northern Ojibwa Territory. It's definition is not known. However, the "ne" represents point in Ojibwa Language so it refers to a place and people. Discovering what "ka-wa-wuck" means won't be easy! Word for "Freezing" in Ojibwa Language is either "Mash-ka-wad-ji-win or Ga-wad-ji-win." The 'd' is not pronounced. It's used to let learners know that the following 'j' is pronounced like judge, just, ect. Not like 'zhi.' Ne Ka-wa-wuck probably means "Point Freeze People." Pronunciation is "Nay Ga-wa-wug." An excellent description of the Churchill, Manitoba region! Of course, you've noticed the point where Churchill is! Keskachewan (Italians and the Beaver Tribe or Cree) Territory extends to almost Nunavut. Dogrib Territory (Ateemouspecky) Territory is located at southwest Nunavut.
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This is a satellite image of the same region from google earth. It's from a southeast to northwest direction. It fits in well with the 1774 Andrew Graham Map. Lake Winnipeg looks almost similar to how it's depicted on the 1774 Andrew Graham Map.
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What did they mean by "Keskachewans Resort Prior To European Settlements?" Were they indicating the Keskachewans resorted to migrate west. If they did resort to a west migration, Graham was writing about the establishment of Cumberland House at Saskatchewan in 1774. That would confirm the Keskachewans were Europeans with some of the Beaver Tribe (the Assiniboine and Cree) who sneaked their way to what is now the Cumberland House Region of Saskatchewan in 1774. Italians had already reached that area decades earlier! That's why Graham was familiar with that region! If Graham was referring to Italians reaching Manitoba and Saskatchewan in the 1730's and early 1750's that is! Fort de la Corne was built in 1753. It was located east of what is now Prince Albert, Saskatchewan almost adjacent to the east border of James Smith Reserve. Fort La Jonquiere was built in 1751 and was located near what is now Nipawin, Saskatchewan. Italians had established forts at south Manitoba in the 1730's. Using alcohol and drugs they lured in idiotic Ojibwa's (the Beaver Tribe or Assiniboine and Cree) who pitched their camps near the three Italian Forts built at south Manitoba. After Ojibwa Soldiers drove the Italians out during 1750-1763's War, those idiotic Ojibwa's relocated to European Forts adjacent to Hudson Bay. If Keskachewans do represent Europeans it means Northern Ojibwa Territory extends as far north as the Arctic Ocean! Graham wrote "NORTHERN KESKACHEWAN - BEAVER INDIANS." Cursive writing on the maps is very difficult to decipher. Graham was certainly referring to Europeans and idiotic Ojibwa's (the Assiniboine and Cree) as being the KESKACHEWANS AND BEAVER INDIANS. SOUTHERN KESKACHEWANS REPRESENT EUROPEANS OR ITALIAN'S. Evidently Italians continued to live at south Manitoba in the late 18th century. Though Graham wrote Assiniboine as Asenepoets we know who they are. Asenepoets is pronounced 'Ah-sin-ni-poats.' Read the following carefully. At Island Lake, Manitoba, Ojibwa leaders of Garden Hill, St. Theresa Point, Wasagamack and Red Sucker Lake are so stupid they don't know what "Oji" means. It's a combined word meaning "The originals." The "O" means 'the' in Ojibwa Language. Similar in sound to the Ojibwa word for 'that' which is "aw." It's pronounced "ow." It ryhmes with 'cow.' Oji is from "O Tchi Bwa." Word for before as in original in Ojibwa Language is "Tchi Bwa." It's pronounced "Tchib Bwa." Some Ojibwa Language Dialects pronounce it "Ji Bwa or Jib Bwa." They're scared and looking for excuses!
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