In 1866, the United States forced the Creek and Seminole Indian Nations of Oklahoma, to cede nearly 3,000 sq. mi. of their land, which was located in the central part of present day Oklahoma, to be used in the American plans, for new homelands for other Indian Nations (the Chippewa's of Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Washington and Wyoming. Although the United States stated that they were going to relocate "Other Tribes" to the Oklahoma land ceded to them by the Creeks and Seminoles, we will focus our attention on the Pembina Chippewa's however.
Over time the whites started to call the land in Oklahoma ceded to them by the Creeks and Seminoles as a "No Mans Land" and "Unassigned Land", because no people lived there. The United States was already planning for the removal of the Chippewa's who lived in Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Washington and Wyoming in 1866 or, just after the civil war ended, and their first military expeditions against the Iron Confederation of Montana.
After the last battle of the long Montana War ended at the Battle of Bear Paw, which is located near, or on, the Chippewa and Cree Rocky Boy Reservation of Montana, in the year 1877, the United States increased the number of their soldiers in the Montana region to anywhere from 10,000 to 20,000, to commence to round up all Chippewa's they could find in Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Washington and Wyoming, to forcefully relocate them to the unassigned lands of Oklahoma. As for the total number of Chippewa's who were forcefully relocated to Oklahoma by the United States, in 1877 and 1878, it was probably in the 10,000s. Here is an wikipedia page with a map of the Oklahoma Chippewa Reservation of 1877. Its borders are colored red. There is another wikipedia map with all Anishinabe Reservations and Reserves in Canada and the United States. You can visit it Here. After you see the map with all Canadian Anishinabe Reserves and all Anishinabe Reservations in the United States, you'll begin to accept what i have written. You'll notice the Chippewa Oklahoma Reservation is included in the wikipedia map which has the locations of all Anishinabe Reservations and Reserves in Canada and the United States. That leads me to suspect that the government made that map.
If you research the history of Oklahoma during the years 1877-1889, of the unassigned land of Oklahoma of course, you will learn that there was some sort of hostile action occurring during that time period in the unassigned land of Oklahoma. Historians claim that white settlers were initiating raids in the unassigned land of Oklahoma, which forced the United States to send in their military to bring peace to that region. We have very good reason to strongly suspect that the Chippewa's of Oklahoma were probably enraged enough within them, to send their brave warriors out to not only wage war on the many whites who were living in Oklahoma then, but to also attempt to return to Montana which they did. Presently, i don't know very much about this obvious military event which occurred in Oklahoma during the years 1877-1889, but some sort of warfare was occurring then in the unassigned land of Oklahoma.
A mix blood Creek started a campaign in Oklahoma in 1879 to have the unassigned land in Oklahoma settled by white and black settlers. His name was Elias C. Boudinot and he was a racist and greedy. His actions went to further enrage the Chippewa's of Oklahoma, because it led to President Rutherford B. Hayes to issue a proclamation in 1879, which forbid any whites from forcing their way into the large Chippewa Oklahoma Reservation. As for how many Chippewa's and whites were killed and wounded in this 1877-1889 war in Oklahoma, is unknown of by nearly everyone, but a war obviously occurred.
Although the United States did issue a proclamation which forbid any whites from forcing their way into the large Chippewa Reservation of Oklahoma, white settlers refused to obey the law of their leaders, and continued to invade the Chippewa Reservation of Oklahoma. They were referred to as boomers and they claim they planned excursions into the Chippewa Reservation of Oklahoma, to survey their land for future white cities and farms. However, they were also waging a war against their mighty Native American papas as well. Evidently this warfare lasted for years.
By 1884 the United States decided in court in Topeka, Kansas, that it was legal to allow white and black settlers to invade the large Chippewa Reservation of Oklahoma. However, the government of the United States continued to follow the 1879 proclamation law, and for several more years war continued between the Chippewa's and the whites of Oklahoma. By 1889 the United States signed a treaty with an supposedly Creek leader, who agreed to relinquish control of the large Chippewa Reservation of Oklahoma to the United States. This event is one of the reasons why i have included the Wounded Knee Battle in this index of Ojibwa history. In all liklihood, after the Chippewa's of Oklahoma lost control of their Reservation in Oklahoma in 1889 (in reality they lost their Oklahoma Reservation on May 2, 1890 when their Oklahoma Reservation was added to Oklahoma Territory), a large group of perhaps a couple of thousand Chippewa's of Oklahoma, decided to return back to Montana, and many were captured by the United States in 1890 and massacred at Wounded Knee. It is also likely many more Chippewa's of Oklahoma, again fled to Mexico in 1890.
The United States also forced many Chippewa's to relocate to Canada as well. This Chippewa Oklahoma War is not considered anything but a dispute between the whites, but if you do your research you will eventually start to think otherwise. Just do a search query at a search engine by writing a search term such as "unassigned land of Oklahoma", and you'll find out what i mean. They are not being honest about that event. The current Chippewa population of Oklahoma is well over 40,000, but they are considered to be the Muscogee Creek Tribe of Oklahoma. The only Creek Indians of Oklahoma are the Seminole. The word for prairie in Chippewa is Mashkode, which does resemble Muscogee. Of course, the Chippewa's who lived in the forests referred to the Chippewa's who lived on the prairie, as Mashkode Anishinabek. The Americans also forced many Cree Indians who lived in the Montana region, and their Assiniboine allies (the Iron Confederation), to relocate to Oklahoma also. If you drop the k sound from Creek, we then get Cree. The Assiniboine and Cree population of Oklahoma is among the Muscogee Creek population. The current number of acres owned by the Iron Confederation of Oklahoma is 626,044 acres.
Over time the whites started to call the land in Oklahoma ceded to them by the Creeks and Seminoles as a "No Mans Land" and "Unassigned Land", because no people lived there. The United States was already planning for the removal of the Chippewa's who lived in Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Washington and Wyoming in 1866 or, just after the civil war ended, and their first military expeditions against the Iron Confederation of Montana.
After the last battle of the long Montana War ended at the Battle of Bear Paw, which is located near, or on, the Chippewa and Cree Rocky Boy Reservation of Montana, in the year 1877, the United States increased the number of their soldiers in the Montana region to anywhere from 10,000 to 20,000, to commence to round up all Chippewa's they could find in Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Washington and Wyoming, to forcefully relocate them to the unassigned lands of Oklahoma. As for the total number of Chippewa's who were forcefully relocated to Oklahoma by the United States, in 1877 and 1878, it was probably in the 10,000s. Here is an wikipedia page with a map of the Oklahoma Chippewa Reservation of 1877. Its borders are colored red. There is another wikipedia map with all Anishinabe Reservations and Reserves in Canada and the United States. You can visit it Here. After you see the map with all Canadian Anishinabe Reserves and all Anishinabe Reservations in the United States, you'll begin to accept what i have written. You'll notice the Chippewa Oklahoma Reservation is included in the wikipedia map which has the locations of all Anishinabe Reservations and Reserves in Canada and the United States. That leads me to suspect that the government made that map.
If you research the history of Oklahoma during the years 1877-1889, of the unassigned land of Oklahoma of course, you will learn that there was some sort of hostile action occurring during that time period in the unassigned land of Oklahoma. Historians claim that white settlers were initiating raids in the unassigned land of Oklahoma, which forced the United States to send in their military to bring peace to that region. We have very good reason to strongly suspect that the Chippewa's of Oklahoma were probably enraged enough within them, to send their brave warriors out to not only wage war on the many whites who were living in Oklahoma then, but to also attempt to return to Montana which they did. Presently, i don't know very much about this obvious military event which occurred in Oklahoma during the years 1877-1889, but some sort of warfare was occurring then in the unassigned land of Oklahoma.
A mix blood Creek started a campaign in Oklahoma in 1879 to have the unassigned land in Oklahoma settled by white and black settlers. His name was Elias C. Boudinot and he was a racist and greedy. His actions went to further enrage the Chippewa's of Oklahoma, because it led to President Rutherford B. Hayes to issue a proclamation in 1879, which forbid any whites from forcing their way into the large Chippewa Oklahoma Reservation. As for how many Chippewa's and whites were killed and wounded in this 1877-1889 war in Oklahoma, is unknown of by nearly everyone, but a war obviously occurred.
Although the United States did issue a proclamation which forbid any whites from forcing their way into the large Chippewa Reservation of Oklahoma, white settlers refused to obey the law of their leaders, and continued to invade the Chippewa Reservation of Oklahoma. They were referred to as boomers and they claim they planned excursions into the Chippewa Reservation of Oklahoma, to survey their land for future white cities and farms. However, they were also waging a war against their mighty Native American papas as well. Evidently this warfare lasted for years.
By 1884 the United States decided in court in Topeka, Kansas, that it was legal to allow white and black settlers to invade the large Chippewa Reservation of Oklahoma. However, the government of the United States continued to follow the 1879 proclamation law, and for several more years war continued between the Chippewa's and the whites of Oklahoma. By 1889 the United States signed a treaty with an supposedly Creek leader, who agreed to relinquish control of the large Chippewa Reservation of Oklahoma to the United States. This event is one of the reasons why i have included the Wounded Knee Battle in this index of Ojibwa history. In all liklihood, after the Chippewa's of Oklahoma lost control of their Reservation in Oklahoma in 1889 (in reality they lost their Oklahoma Reservation on May 2, 1890 when their Oklahoma Reservation was added to Oklahoma Territory), a large group of perhaps a couple of thousand Chippewa's of Oklahoma, decided to return back to Montana, and many were captured by the United States in 1890 and massacred at Wounded Knee. It is also likely many more Chippewa's of Oklahoma, again fled to Mexico in 1890.
The United States also forced many Chippewa's to relocate to Canada as well. This Chippewa Oklahoma War is not considered anything but a dispute between the whites, but if you do your research you will eventually start to think otherwise. Just do a search query at a search engine by writing a search term such as "unassigned land of Oklahoma", and you'll find out what i mean. They are not being honest about that event. The current Chippewa population of Oklahoma is well over 40,000, but they are considered to be the Muscogee Creek Tribe of Oklahoma. The only Creek Indians of Oklahoma are the Seminole. The word for prairie in Chippewa is Mashkode, which does resemble Muscogee. Of course, the Chippewa's who lived in the forests referred to the Chippewa's who lived on the prairie, as Mashkode Anishinabek. The Americans also forced many Cree Indians who lived in the Montana region, and their Assiniboine allies (the Iron Confederation), to relocate to Oklahoma also. If you drop the k sound from Creek, we then get Cree. The Assiniboine and Cree population of Oklahoma is among the Muscogee Creek population. The current number of acres owned by the Iron Confederation of Oklahoma is 626,044 acres.