Before 1900, Canada used Deceit to conceal large Ojibway Reserves. Their way of concealing large Ojibway Reserves was by using one "Agency" to manage affairs of many Ojibway Communities. Below is a map of "Lake Manitoba Ojibway Reserve" and links to google earth photos of Ebb & Flow. In the United States, they used "Agencies" also. However, they did not conceal how they functioned. One agency managed affairs for one Reservation. That includes large Reservations like Blackfeet Reservation, Cheyenne River Reservation, Crow Reservation, Pine Ridge Reservation, ect. Lake Manitoba Ojibway Reserve is adjacent to Birdtail Ojibway Reserve on the west and Grand Rapids Ojibway Reserve (aka Misi Pawistik Ojibway Reserve) on the north and east. Original name of this Ojibway Reserve was Treaty 2 Agency which is a concealment. Other names used include Manitoba House and Manitowapah. Lake Manitoba Ojibway Reserve includes these Ojibway Districts: Crane River, Ebb & Flow, Fairford, Lake Manitoba, Lake St. Martin, Little Saskatchewan, Pine Creek (we have to include Cote, Keeseekoose, Sapotaweyak, The Key, Wuskwi Sipihk and Yellow Quill because they are from the same band of Saulteaux Ojibway's as Pine Creek), Sandy Bay, Shoal River and Water Hen. I included "Dauphin River" because it's within this region. First agency agent was appointed on January 1, 1877. There is no evidence of war that could have reduced this Reserve in size! It's land is largely wetlands and woodlands. It includes many lakes including much of Lake Manitoba and Lake Winnipeg. The region between Lake Manitoba and Lake Winnipeg, where Fairford, Lake St. Martin and Little Saskatchewan are located, is in the process of merging those two lakes. Elevation along Lake Manitoba's east shores near Fairford, is 815 feet above sea level or 248 meters above sea level. Elevation of Lake St. Martin near Fairford, is 798 feet above sea level or 243 meters above sea level. At Lake Winnipeg's west shores near Dauphin River, it's elevation is 718 feet above sea level or 218.8 meters above sea level. Ojibway leaders at Fairford, Lake St. Martin and Little Saskatchewan are not properly monitoring the lakes elevations. They know the region is prone to flooding yet are powerless to act on their own. They have to act on their own! Establishing towns adjacent to or near Lake St. Martin, is not a wise decision. They have to negotiate with Canadian leaders about establishing new Ojibway Towns further to their north where elevations are 60 to 70 feet or 18 to 21 meters higher.
Chief Yellow Quill (he's responsible for creation of Lake Manitoba Reserve) stationed Ojibway Soldiers near Portage la Prairie to prevent whites, Eskimos and mixed bloods from Red River Colony led by Louis Riel, from expanding west. Chief Yellow Quill wanted to negotiate Red River Colony's fate (Louis Riel wanted to join Canada) and procure large Ojibway Reserves in exchange for allowing Red River Colony to become a part of Canada. Canada agreed to negotiate treaty. On August 3, 1871 the first Canadian numbered treaty was signed. Treaty 1 dealt with Ojibway land in southern Manitoba and Red River Colony. Ojibway leaders agreed to allow Red River Colony to become independant, in exchange for large Ojibway Reserves. Only one Lake Manitoba Reserve community was signatory to Treaty 1. That is Sandy Bay. One fraction of Sandy Bay is a part of Portage La Prairie Reserve, while the other is a part of Lake Manitoba Reserve. Same with Roseau River and Swan Lake. Below are Ojibway communities within Lake Manitoba Ojibway Reserve.
Ebb & Flow Road View
Ebb & Flow Road View
Ebb & Flow Road View
Ebb & Flow Road View
Ebb & Flow Road View
Ebb & Flow Road View
Ebb & Flow Road View
Ebb & Flow Road View
Ebb & Flow Road View
Ebb & Flow Road View
Cote (from Pine Creek)
Crane River (aka Ad-ji-ja-do Sip-pi & O'Chi-chak-ko Sip-pi)
Dauphin River (not included with original 1877 agency)
Ebb & Flow
Fairford (aka Pinaymootang)
Keeseekoose (from Pine Creek)
Lake Manitoba
Lake St. Martin
Little Saskatchewan
Pine Creek (aka Duck Bay)
Sandy Bay
Sapotaweyak (Shoal River - from Pine Creek)
The Key (from Pine Creek)
Water Hen (aka Skownan)
Wuskwi Sipihk (Shoal River - from Pine Creek)
Yellow Quill (from Pine Creek and Swan River or Swan Lake)
Demographics of Lake Manitoba Ojibway Reserve
Land Area: 12,000 sq. mi. or 31,000 sq. km. (estimate)
Population: 11,605
Language: Ojibway
