Acoma Pueblo Indians

Acoma People have an ancient civilization. Below is a map of these four Reservations which are actually one Reservation and google earth photos of near their main town of Old Acoma (Sky City) and other communities within these four Reservations which are really just one Reservation. Actually these Reservations must be adjacent to 1907's land additions to Navajo Reservation which is really Hopi Reservation. All so called Navajo Reservation land additions are to Hopi Reservation. Chief Rocky Boy reached an agreement with American leaders during negotiations held near Helena, Montana during the winter of 1912/1913 to withdraw Ojibwa Soldiers from Mexico's Civil War. In exchange for withdrawing Ojibwa Soldiers from Mexico's Civil War, American leaders returned 1907's land addtions located at New Mexico and other Reservations and created new Ojibwa Reservations including Papago Reservation. In no way were the Rocky Boy Tribe considering sending their soldiers as a nation to fight at Europes World War I. If their men of fighting age wanted to fight at Europes World War I, they only had to join the American Army.

American leaders needed chief Rocky Boy to order Ojibwa men to withdraw from Mexico's 1910/1920 Civil War. Chief Rocky Boys power extended to Canada and Mexico. Chief Rocky Boy obviously demanded the return of 1907's land additions at New Mexico. Many Ojibwa's left for Mexico after American leaders restored 1907's land additions to the public domain. Most probably returned to 1907's land additions at New Mexico or settled at Canoncito. A 1914 news article pertaining to the Rocky Boy Tribe is below. It deals with Mexico's Civil War. It did not deal with Europes War.

Besides Old Acoma, they have three other small communities. They are Acomita, Anzac and McCarty's. This Acoma Indians Pueblo Reservation is actually connected to Canoncito, Isleta and Laguna Reservations. All are connected or same Reservation. They are related to Pueblo People or they are an admixture of Ojibwa and Pueblo Indians. Ojibwa Soldiers from the Montana region probably brought them under Ojibwa control 1,000's of years ago. Their Old Acoma Town is considered one of the oldest continuously inhabited towns in North America. Old Acoma, however, is situated on top of a mesa, several hundred feet higher in elevation than the region that surrounds it. To trained archeologists, it means it was built for defensive purposes. According to 2020's census, Acoma Reservation on-Reservation population is 3,094. Acoma Reservation covers 595.0 sq. mi. or 1,541 sq. km. Combined with the three other Reservations, total size of this Reservation west, south and southeast of Alberquerque, is 1,831.6 sq. mi. or 4,744 sq. km. Their combined on-Reservation population (excluding Canoncito which is included with Navajo Reservation) is 12,310. If Canoncito was included the population would be over 13,000. Canoncito was supposedly established in 1924. However, chief Rocky Boy was negotiating for them during 1912/1913. Their land is largely desert and mountainous.

Their language is Keres or Keresan. Senor Don Antonio Garcia Cubas classified Keres Language as Keres-Zuni Language Dialect, which Mexican Linguistics categorized as being a part of Mexican-Opata Language Family. Their information was for Indians native to Mexico. That be before 1848. New Mexico was a part of Mexico then! Later, it was changed to Uto-Aztecan Language Family by Americans. We know Shoshone People are Ojibwa. Thus, this Mexican-Opata Language Family now known as Uto-Aztecan Language Family, is an extension of Ojibwa Language or an admixture of Ojibwa and non Ojibwa. Cubas listed Apache and Navajo as independent from this Mexican-Opata Language Family. However, he first listed Apache Language Family as being Apache or Yavipai, Navajo, Mescalero, Llanero Lipan, ect. He listed "Yavipai" as Mexican-Opata or within "El Yuma" Language Dialects. For some reason he listed "Apache" as being "Yavapai." He first listed "Apache" as "Mexican-Opata." Apache People are descended from Pueblo People who fled to the mountains to escape Latin subjugation!