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Shoshone Ojibwa's | Ojibwa Tribes
Pasqua First Nation
It is one of four Ojibwa communities located around Qu'Appelle Lakes. Pasqua First Nation Reserve is located at south Saskatchewan. Below are links to a google earth satellite image of Pasqua Town and photos of Muscowpetung and Piapot Town and a satellite image of Standing Buffalo Town. Pasqua is within Muscowpetung Reserve. Qu'Appelle is pronounced as "Qu-Pel." Another name to use for this Ojibwa Reserve is Qu'Appelle Lakes Ojibwa Reserve.
Chief Pasqua
Chief Pasqua might have been from the Leech Lake Reservation area of north Minnesota. He was born in 1828. During Minnesota's 1862 Ojibwa War, Pasqua probably fled to Canada. That be south Manitoba. From that location, Pasqua and his fellow Pillager Ojibwa's migrated to southeast Saskatchewan. By 1874, Pasqua had attained the role of a chief. He was not Cree because no Cree People lived at Saskatchewan during those times. Same with Assiniboine People. Ojibwa Soldiers drove them to extreme north Alberta, north British Columbia and the Northwest Territories. They're the Beaver Athabascan Tribe.
Pasqua was a sort of troublemaker yet seems to have created trouble in order to obtain annuities promised to him by treaty. He was a leader of Plains Ojibwa's. A sharp contrast if he was actually from north Minnesota. A transition from woodlands way of life to life on the plains had to have been traumatic if he was from north Minnesota. Pasqua supposedly wanted a Reserve near Leech Lake, Saskatchewan. He might have left a clue! He puzzled and upset white leaders by telling them Ojibwa's should have received the 300,000 pounds paid to Canada after HBC (Hudson Bay Company) sold their bogus claim to Ojibwa land. HBC did not own that land! Pasqua's attempt to get the 300,000 pounds during Treaty 4 negotiations did not work. Though a signer of 1874's Treaty, Pasqua wanted a Reserve at Leech Lake. When the surveyor arrived to survey the Reserve, Pasqua became uncertain about what white leaders meant by treaty. He wanted a Reserve at Leech Lake. He was told a Reserve was best suited for his Ojibwa Subjects where Pasqua Reserve is now. He left another strong clue! Being uncertain, Pasqua told other Ojibwa leaders to disallow Reserves being surveyed by surveyors. Finally in 1876, chief Pasqua reluctantly agreed to relocate his Ojibwa Subjects to Pasqua Reserve which is adjacent to Muscowpetung Reserve. In 1882, he left another clue on the trail by demanding that annuities be paid at one location instead of at several "so called Ojibwa Reserves." Chief Pasqua and other Ojibwa leaders wanted annuities paid at Qu'Appelle Agency which managed Carry The Kettle, Crooked Lakes, File Hills, Qu'Appelle Lakes and Touchwood Hills Ojibwa's. It's evidence of a large Ojibwa Reserve being located at that region. Birtle Agency took over management of Keeseekoose, Key, Pheasant Rump, Red Ears, Waywayseecappo and White Bear in 1881. In 1884, chief Piapot who had recently brought Ojibwa's from the Cypress Hills (they fled to the Cypress Hills during 1876-1877's War at Montana) to the Qu'Appelle region, was in a foul mood. It was reported that some of chief Piapot's Ojibwa's were fighting the Northwest Mounted Police. Chief Pasqua and his Ojibwa's took the incident seriously and preparations for a possible war were in circulation. Supposedly chiefs Maskawpistam (Muscowpetung - it should be Mash-ka-wis-tam which is probably derived from Mashkawis which means strong in Ojibwa Language) and Pasqua sent off a telegram to John MacDonald allegedly confirming to keep out of the 1885 war or expanding war which may have commenced at Qu'Apppelle Lakes Ojibwa Reserve. He left another clue! Further investigations to learn if 1885's Northwest Rebellion commenced in 1884 at Qu'Appelle Lakes Ojibwa Reserve, will let the public know if the rebellion was the instigation of chiefs Maskawpistam, Piapot and Pasqua. Chief Pasqua died on March 15, 1889. He's an interesting Ojibwa Historical figure!
Beaver People were identified as being Cree in the 18th century. Keskatchewan was another name they were known as. A force from the Beaver Tribe and Assiniboine, joined with White Soldiers in the early 1870's and forced their way south from north Alberta to what is now Calgary, Alberta to fight Ojibwa's. Several Reserves were set aside for the Beaver Tribe or the Sarcee Tribe. T'suu Tina and Stoney Reserve which is 11 miles west of Calgary. T'suu Tina Reserve is adjacent to Calgary. Including the Blackfeet with the Assiniboine and Cree or the Sarcee Tribe, is an excellent suggestion! Neither of them were native to central and south Alberta. Their homeland is located at far north Alberta, north British Columbia and the Northwest Territories. We trace them to the Beaver Tribe. A portion of the Beaver Tribe was sent south to support White Soldiers. Excluding Blackfeet People south of Calgary is law!
In 1870, war intensified between Ojibwa's and whites. Marias River Massacre took place during January 1870. Then on October 25, 1870 a large force of Ojibwa Soldiers defended their village where Lethbridge, Alberta now is. Cree Soldiers (Beaver Soldiers or Sarcee Soldiers) forced their way south from some northern location (probably the Calgary region) and attacked the Ojibwa village where Lethbridge now is. An intense battle was fought which was won by Ojibwa Soldiers who were losing the battle early on yet Ojibwa reinforcements from nearby Ojibwa villages were quickly sent to the village being attacked and drove the Sarcee back north to probably the Calgary region. Montana Ojibwa leaders responded to the incidents appropriately.
Historically, these Beaver Athabascan's (they are really descendants of Ojibwa Traitors) are known as the Sarcee Tribe. Notice how they excluded the 'r' from 'cee?' Sarcee probably means "South Cree." Whites had established strong forts at extreme north Alberta and extreme north British Columbia and the Northwest Territories, during the late 18th century and early 19th century. Ojibwa Traitors and Eskimo's joined them. Sekani People might be included as a portion of the Beaver Tribe. What is known is the Beaver and Sarcee are the same people. Assiniboine People must be identified as being from the Beaver Athabascan Tribe as well as the Siksika Blackfeet! During the 19th century or in 1878, Canada created Fort MacLeod Agency to manage the Blackfoot, Sarcee, Stony, Blood and Peigan. Norman MacLeod was appointed agent on October 8, 1878. It was a terrible idea to group these people together. Ojibwa People of south Alberta continued their hatred of the Ojibwa Traitors to the north who attacked one of their most important villages where Lethbridge, Alberta is now situated. Apparently two agencies managed them. The other was Fort Walsh which was established in 1875 to bolster the number of White Soldiers at that location.
Fort Walsh is 155 miles northeast of Great Falls. White leaders were conspiring in 1875 to attack the Ojibwa villages at and around Great Falls. Little Bear and his Ojibwa Soldiers were probably sent south to Montana from the Fort Walsh region before 1875. Most certainly a white military camp was located where Fort Walsh was built in 1875. Little Bear was probably instructed to find a suitable location north of the Bears Paw Mountains. Fort Walsh was adjacent to the Cypress Hills. Large numbers of Ojibwa Soldiers from Alberta, Montana and Saskatchewan were stationed at the Cypress Hills. On June 1, 1873 a minor battle was fought a few miles south of what became Fort Walsh. Ojibwa Soldiers were on to White Soldiers and their idiotic Ojibwa allies sneaking their way to the Cypress Hills. Supposedly the whites were from the Teton River region of Montana which is just north of Great Falls. That information is incorrect. It was Ojibwa Soldiers from Montana who were sent to a white trade post owned by Abe Farwell, where a village of idiotic Assiniboine Ojibwa's were living.
From surveillance, Ojibwa leaders knew White Soldiers were being sent to the Cypress Hills. White Soldiers had superior weapons which included repeating rifles and revolvers. Most Ojibwa Soldiers used bows and arrows. Included with the White Soldiers were freightors (teamsters) who brought supplies to locations. We'll include the Cypress Hills Massacre as a battle of the Mullan Road War. After reaching the location where the trade post was located, Ojibwa Soldiers dispersed to avoid a direct battle. Their strategy was to disengage in open conflict with White Soldiers who held superior weapons. Instead they used their superior number of soldiers to battle their enemies. Almost immediately, Ojibwa Soldiers launched an assault on the idiotic Assiniboine Ojibwa village and drove them off. Next they found protective locations and commenced battling their white enemies which drove them off. They then destroyed a cabin or possibly the trade post. It's estimated that 13 whites were killed (historians claim they were Assiniboine Ojibwa's) during the Cypress Hills Massacre. Far more idiotic Assiniboine Ojibwa's were killed however. Teamsters were binging supplies to the white military camp (Camp Walsh or Fort Walsh) north of the trade post, from Fort Benton, Montana. A larger number of White Soldiers and their idiotic Ojibwa allies were located there. That military camp became Fort Walsh. Ojibwa Soldiers won the Battle of Cypress Hills yet could not stop Canada from building Fort Walsh.
Originally Muscowpetung Ojibwa Reserve and Pasqua Ojibwa Reserve had a land area of 119.2 sq. mi. or 76,288 acres. However, that is very likely misleading! The Reserve (Muscowpetung which includes Pasqua) was larger. During 1906 and 1909, Canada forced land surrenders. More about that is below. According to 2021's census, Pasqua First Nation has an on-Reserve population of 638. They have 216 housing units with 195 lived in. Average household size is 3.3 persons per household. Ojibway Language is no longer spoken at any District of Muscowpetung Reserve. At this time Muscowpetung and Pasqua Reserves have a land area of 167.09 sq. km. or 109.2 sq. mi. That's 10 square miles less than in 1874. Combined land area of Muscowpetung, Pasqua, Piapot and Standing Buffalo today is 302.1 sq. km. or 187.7 sq. mi. That's the correct size of Muscowpetung and Pasqua Reserve in 1874. However, Pasqua Reserve must include Echo Valley Provincial Park and parts of Echo Lake between Pasqua Reserve and Standing Buffalo Reserve. Prophesy tells Ojibwa's not to trust white leaders. The Rocky Boy Tribe (if they want to reorganize) recognizes the land surrender of 1909 as being Muscowpetung Reserve even though they claim it's Piapot Reserve. Correct land area of Muscowpetung Reserve is 201.66 sq. km. or 125.3 sq. mi. The Rocky Boy Tribe recognizes the land surrender of 1906 as being Pasqua Reserve land even though they claim it's Standing Buffalo Reserve. Correct land area of Pasqua Reserve is 100.39 sq. km. or 62.4 sq. mi. However, we have to include Echo Valley Provincial Park which has a land area of 4.0 sq. km. or 2.5 sq. mi. We also have to include that part of Echo Lake between Echo Valley Provincial Parks east boundary up to Standing Buffalo. So another 2.0 kilometers or 1.5 sq. miles must be added. Total area of Pasqua Reserve is 106.5 sq. km. or 64.0 sq. mi.
Land Surrender
Chief Rocky Boy was given a portion of Pasqua Ojibwa Reserve in 1906. It totaled 16,077 acres. All Reserve land surrenders at Canada between 1897 and 1911 were for Montana Ojibwa's. During early summer 1896, American Soldiers led by Colonel Pershing and Ojibwa Soldiers led by Little Bear, rounded up 1,000's of Montana Ojibwa's living at their Ojibwa Reservation at the Great Falls and Helena region. After being forced to Great Falls, they were forcefully relocated. Canada agreed to accept many of them. Forced relocations of Montana Ojibwa's continued up to at least 1909 yet could have gone on until 1934. During 1906's (it may have took place in 1907) forced relocations, 16,077 acres was ceded to chief Rocky Boys Montana Ojibwa Subjects. It was a "Forced Relocation." Up to 100 to 150 Montana Ojibwa's were relocated to Pasqua Reserve as well as Muscowpetung, Piapot and Standing Buffalo. The land surrender was promised to them. Instead of honoring the agreement, Canada betrayed them. Ojibwa leaders of Pasqua Reserve ceded the land to the Montana Ojibwa's who were forcefully relocated. They did not cede the land to Canada. Within a short time after the Montana Ojibwa's were relocated to Pasqua Reserve, Canada announced the land surrender was intended for white settlers. There are no Cree First Nations at Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec. Cree People are the Athabascan Beaver Tribe. Below the photos are excerpts from very old books that will help educate you! Look at the 18th century maps! Instead of south to north they are southeast to northwest. Churchill River is a boundary. A few Assiniboine and Cree lived west of Lake Winnipeg but were driven to the northwest by 1800 by Ojibwa Soldiers. Churchill River was a boundary used in the 18th century. From Churchill, Manitoba to South Indian Lake, Manitoba to Sandy Bay, Saskatchewan to Buffalo Narrows, Saskatchewan where the source of Churchill River is, this river flows for 1,000 miles. It's source is Churchill Lake, Saskatchewan. All land north of Churchill River is Chipewyan land. Chipewyan is the correct pronunciation of 'O Chib-bwan or Chib-bwan' which means "The Originals and Originals in Ojibwa Language."
Pasqua Town Satellite Image
Muscowpetung Road View
Muscowpetung Road View
Muscowpetung Road View
Muscowpetung Road View
Muscowpetung Road View
Muscowpetung Road View
Muscowpetung Road View
Muscowpetung Road View
Muscowpetung Road View
Muscowpetung Road View
Muscowpetung Road View
Muscowpetung Road View
Piapot Town Road View
Piapot Town Road View
Piapot Town Road View
Piapot Town Road View
Piapot Town Road View
Piapot Town Road View
Standing Buffalo Town Satellite Image