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Book: Place Names of the Ojibwe In Future Codes
All Reserves in Saskatchewan are Ojibwa. According to 1832's Edinburgh Encyclopedia, Ojibwa People gave rise to the Chipewyan, Copper, Cree and Dogrib Peoples. Athabascan People are Ojibwa. Cree People are really the Athabascan Beaver Tribe. There are no Cree First Nations at Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec. Ojibwa Soldiers drove the Cree or Beaver to Alberta and British Columbia. They caused Ojibwa Nation much trouble by siding with whites. At this time, there is an attempt by Ojibwa People of Saskatchewan, to identify as Ojibwa. However, they are defenseless and too scared to follow prophesy. Only in southeast Saskatchewan, are there actual Reserves with Ojibwa Indians of Saskatchewan identifying as being Ojibwa. There is an exception at Jackfish Lake where the Saulteaux Ojibwa People live. We know Big River, Chitek Lake, Moosomin, Pelican Lake and Witchekan Lake are Ojibwa yet they refuse to identify as Ojibwa. Thunderchild (Sunchild) are also Ojibwa. Somehow the name "Sunchild" evolved from "Thunderchild." All of them are Jackfish Lake Saulteaux Ojibwa's. They were Stragglers or Ojibwa's who continued to honor the original treaty that created their vast Reserve. At the United States the term "Landless" is used. A large area of land from Brightsand Lake east to Big River and from Meadow Lake south to North Saskatchewan River, was where they lived before agreeing to much smaller Reserves. In 1909 Canada stole Moosomin-Thunderchild Reserve. That led to a migration a few miles north to Jackfish Lake by Saulteaux Ojibwa's who joined other Ojibwa's living throughout the large area of land described. Many of chief Rocky Boys Montana Ojibwa Subjects were relocated to the Jackfish Lake region in 1909 and 1910. It's confirmation of that region of Saskatchewan being Ojibwa! Chipewyan (it's pronounced Chip-a-wan) People are quite hostile if they are mistaken to be Ojibwa. They consider it an insult. Educated Chipewyan People know they are Ojibwa however. We know Big River, Chitek Lake, Pelican Lake, Thunderchild (Sunchild) and Witchekan Lake People are Ojibwa from historical accounts. However, they refuse to identify as being Ojibwa. Chief Big Bear was Saulteaux Ojibwa and so are his Subjects of this time who are descendants of chief Big Bears Saulteaux Ojibwa Subjects who became Stragglers after 1885's Rebellion.
Carlton Agency Ojibwa Reserve
Originally created in 1876 by appointing an agent to manage Carlton Agency Ojibwa Reserve (it became official in 1879) this large Ojibwa Reserve was supposedly appointed an agent on October 27, 1887 yet that information pertains to the creation of a much smaller Carlton Agency Ojibwa Reserve after 1885's Northwest Rebellion. First Carlton Agency Ojibwa Reserve was created in 1876. It included these following Districts: Beardy, Chakastapasin, Cumberland, James Smith, John Smith, Okemasis, One Arrow | Meadow Lake, Kenematoyo, Mistawasis, Muskeg Lake, Pelican Lake and Sandy Lake. Fort Carlton was adjacent to North Saskatchewan River near One Arrow Reserve! These Ojibwa's (except those led by chief Peguis, Ahtahkakoop and Mistawasis) participated in 1885's Northwest Rebellion to defend their vast Reserve. On October 27, 1887 a new reduced in size Carlton Agency Ojibwa Reserve was created. On that day an agent was appointed to manage Carlton Agency Ojibwa Reserve. It included these Districts: Ahtahkakoop, Big River (Kenematoyo), Lac La Ronge (James Roberts), Meadow Lake (1890), Mistawasis, Montreal Lake, Moose Woods (needs investigations), Muskeg Lake, Pelican Lake (1890), Pelican Narrows (aka Peter Ballantyne - 1899) and Sturgeon Lake. In 1909, Moosomin, Saulteaux, Thunderchild and Witchekan Lake were added.
We can obtain vital details of these Ojibwa's by investigating their religious beliefs. In 1900 or 1910 their combined population was 1,744. Out of the population of 1,744, they reported that 247 continued to follow Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy (Religion). These Districts were all Christians: Lac La Ronge, Mistawasis, Montreal Lake, Muskeg Lake and Peter Ballantyne. Ojibwa's from the Grand Rapids region of Manitoba migrated to where Lac La Ronge, Montreal Lake and Peter Ballantyne are. For Some reason Ojibwa's from Hudson Bays west shores to Lake Winnipeg's northeast shores and north and west of Lake Winnipeg's north shores were nearly all Christians. At Red River Colony the Ojibwa's who lived adjacent to or near Red River Colony became Christians. They include Fort Alexander, Sandy Bay and St. Peters. Others that were nearly all Christians or entirely Christian include Fairford (all Christians except 2), Little Saskatchewan (all Christians), Pine Creek (all Christians), Water Hen (all Christians), Berens River (all Christians), Black River (all Christians), Chemawawin (all Christians), Cross Lake (all Christians), Cumberland House (all Christians), Grand Rapids (all Christians), Moose Lake (all Christians), Norway House (all Christians), Poplar River (all Christians), Shoal Lake (all Christians) and The Pas (all Christians). Reason for all being against Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy (Religion) was their addictions to alcohol and opium. Rejection of the Ojibwa Totemic System led to them becoming lawless. Pimping their women was common as was high murder rates among them. From Hudson Bay the English constantly brought in large amounts of alcohol and opium to the Manitoba region. More concerned were white leaders about natives living north of Saskatchewan River, they paid idiotic Ojibwa's addicted to alcohol and opium to deliver European Trade Items including alcohol and opium to natives living north of Saskatchewan River to Alaska. HBC (Hudson Bay Company) named them Carriers because they carried European Trade Items. English leaders and Russian leaders conspired to corrupt Ojibwa's and other natives to prevent contact between them and Siberian Ojibwa's. Ojibwa's affected the most lived from north of the York Factory region to Cumberland House then down to south Manitoba. Ojibwa's living north of Saskatchewan River were also affected. We know because of information pertaining to religious beliefs. A disgrace they were! Common was it to force their women to do all the work, sell them and murder them. With no Totemic System to govern them they were easy to practice criminal activity. White leaders made bogus leaders out of them. To keep them satisfied they paid them generously and provided free alcohol and opium to them. If crimes were committed among their subjects they became acts of retaliations because they were without a police system. Actually they were without a government!
There's evidence of John Smith, Mistawasis, Muskeg Lake, Okemasis, and Sandy Lake (aka Ahtahkakoop) being from Manitoba. If nearly all were Christians it does in fact confirm they migrated to Saskatchewan from Manitoba. Out of a combined population of 579 all were Christians except 8 at Ahtahkakoop. Big River (aka Kenematoyo), Meadow Lake, Pelican Lake and Sturgeon Lake continued to have a large percentage of Ojibwa's who followed Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy (Religion). Their combined population was 378. Out of their population of 378 most (247) followed Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy (Religion). What that signifies is Ahtahkakoop, John Smith, Mistawasis, Muskeg Lake and Okemasis being recent arrivals to north central Saskatchewan. Their origins are from Lac La Ronge and Montreal Lake. None of them participated in 1885's Northwest Rebellion because they were allies of whites. Those other groups who were Christians include John Smith (all Christians) and Okemasis (all Christians). Beardy was continuing to cling to their Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy. Out of a population of 135 they reported 41 continued to follow Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy. At Cumberland and James Smith, out of their population of 133 they reported that 33 continued to follow Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy. At One Arrow, out of a population of 97 they reported that 27 continued to follow Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy. All who had large percentages of Ojibwa's who followed Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy were native to north central Saskatchewan. That excludes Montana Ojibwa's who migrated north. By 1900/1910 Ojibwa children were attending white controlled boarding schools. Many young Ojibwa Adults from 1900/1910 did not follow Ojibwa beliefs (the Ojibwa Totemic System).
These following Ojibwa's we'll identify as Jackfish Lake Saulteaux Ojibwa's (evidence confirms Witchekan Lake was affiliated with Jackfish Lake Saulteaux Ojibwa's and also Big River Ojibwa's east of Witchekan Lake led by chief Kinematoyo), were probably led by chief Big Bear during 1885's Northwest Rebellion. Some can trace their origins to Montana or during the Montana 1876-1877 War when large numbers of Montana Ojibwa's led by chief Big Bear, chief Rocky Boy and chief Sitting Bull fled up to Alberta and Saskatchewan settling at and around the Cypress Hills. They are Beardy (1876), Chakastapasin (1876), Cumberland (1886 - affiliated with James Smith), James Smith (1876), One Arrow (1876), Meadow Lake (aka Flying Dust - 1890), Kinematoyo (aka Big River - 1876), Pelican Lake (1889). Ahtahkakoop, Kahkewistahaw and Mistawasis were not authentic Ojibwa leaders. Two were mixed bloods who were bought by white leaders. Confirmation are medallions worn by non authentic Ojibwa leaders. Much money was paid to them by white leaders to do what whites wanted. Proudly showing off their medallions often led to authentic Ojibwa leaders having them or their families killed off. Authentic Ojibwa leaders had authority to authorize for Ojibwa People. Non authentic Ojibwa leaders were also better fed or had some wealth. Ojibwa People started dealing with starvation during the mid 18th century. By mid and late 19th century they were showing effects of starvation. Many were very thin and some skin and bones. At Montana it was very evident. Montana Ojibwa's continued to adhere to our Chosen Land! White leaders treated them harshly. Many Ojibwa's clothing was of very poor quality.
Above photo of Montana Ojibwa's clearly show Ojibwa's suffering from starvation. They continued to adhere to our Chosen Land. In responce, American leaders refused to provide annuities including food to them. White leaders often refused to provide provisions and arrested Ojibwa's if they were caught fishing and hunting.
Ahtahkakoop (Star Blanket) is seated on bottom left. He was well dressed and obviously well fed. Mistawasis is seated on the right. He is well dressed yet looks thin. He was probably Kawacatoose which means "Extremely Lean" in Ojibwa Language which pronounce it "Ga-wa-ka-dos." Kahkewistahaw (Ga-gi-wis-stah-ow) is seated in center. He is well dressed and looks well fed. However, he is not wearing a medallion. Ahtahkakoop, Mistawasis and O'Soup (not certain yet there appears to be a badge or possibly a small medallion on the left side of his coat) are wearing medallions. Gawakados (Mistawasis) is wearing two medallions. A small one and a large one. O'Soup is standing on the left. He is well dressed and looks well fed. Peter Hourie is the white man standing to O'Soup's left. He is well dressed and obviously very well fed. Chief Big Bear had to go to prison for their illegal activities. O'Soup is known as a founder of Crooked Lake Reserve as is Kahkewistahaw. Ahtahkakoop obviously illegally founded Ahtahkakoop (aka Starblanket) and File Hills. Mistawasis illegally founded Mistawasis and Touchwood Hills. Kahkewistahaw looks out of place or like he's reluctant (nervous). His hair is much longer and white leaders probably did not trust him! He had more to fear from Ojibwa Traditionalists however! Ahtahkakoop, Mistawasis and O'Soup were from Manitoba. Kahkewistahaw was possibly native to Saskatchewan or possibly from Montana.
Land surrenders took place in 1909 and 1911. Moosomin and Thunderchild (Jackfish Lake Saulteaux Ojibwa's) Reserve was originally located adjacent to North Saskatchewan Rivers south shores to Battle River to the south. All of Moosomin/Thunderchild Reserve was surrendered in 1909. Correct reason for surrendering Moosomin/Thunderchild Reserve was to relocate Montana Ojibwa's to the Jackfish Lake region. In exchange for ceding Moosomin/Thunderchild Reserve, a Reserve at Brightsand Lake was agreed to. Thunderchild is located there. It's the southwest corner of Carlton Agency Ojibwa Reserve. In 1909, land was provided for Ojibwa's at Jackfish Lake. An obvious contrast because Moosomin/Thunderchild was provided land at Brightsand Lake where Thunderchild is. What that does is creates two diversions. One is very different from the other. Exactly how many Montana Ojibwa's led by chief Rocky Boy were relocated from Montana to Carlton Agency Ojibwa Reserve is not known. If average allotment to each individual Ojibwa was 100 acres, it indicates up to 100 Montana Ojibwa's were relocated from Montana to the Jackfish Lake region of Saskatchewan which is north of Battleford, Saskatchewan. According to historians 9,045 acres was allocated in 1909 for Jackfish Lake Saulteaux Ojibwa's. Actual population of Montana Ojibwa's was higher. Allotments were provided to adults. Perhaps 200 to 300 Montana Ojibwa's were relocated from their Chosen Land at Montana in 1909, to the Jackfish Lake, Pelican Lake and Witchekan Lake region of Saskatchewan.
In 1911, another land surrender took land from Mistawasis. Between 1911 and 1919, a total of 18,177 acres of Mistawasis was surrendered to chief Rocky Boys Montana Ojibwa Subjects. Anywhere from 200 to 300 Montana Ojibwa's were relocated to Mistawasis between 1911 and 1919. Their actual population was 400 to 600. Also in 1911, more Montana Ojibwa's were relocated to where Witchekan Lake is. We must include Pelican Lake also. An estimated 28,460 acres was provided for expected new Ojibwa settlers. As many as 300 Montana Ojibwa's were relocated from their Chosen Land at Montana, to the Pelican Lake and Witchekan Lake region of Saskatchewan. Their actual population was 600 to 900. We trace Jackfish Lake Saulteaux Ojibwa's, Pelican Lake Saulteaux Ojibwa's and Witchekan Lake Saulteaux Ojibwa's to 1909's and 1911's forced relocations of chief Rocky Boys Montana Ojibwa's from their Chosen Land at Montana. Many were directed to Mistawasis also. Jackfish Lake or Moosomin/Saulteaux was established in 1909. Witchekan Lake was established in 1912. Many were also sent to where Lac La Ronge, Montreal Lake and Peter Ballantyne are located.
Where they first settled was the Jackfish Lake region. From there they settled the Brightsand Lake region then further east where Birch Lake and Helena Lake are. Being directed to settle land to their east and northeast, they settled around Chitek Lake and Witchekan Lake. Many others were directed to settle the Big River, Sandy Lake and Mistawasis regions. Between 1909 and 1919, 55,682 acres was provided them. Up to 500 or more Montana Ojibwa's led by chief Rocky Boy were relocated from their Chosen Land at Montana, to the Jackfish Lake (between Brightsand Lake and Peter Ballantyne) region of Saskatchewan. However, it was really 1,000 or more Montana Ojibwa's who settled the Jackfish Lake region on to the Lac La Ronge, Montreal Lake and Peter Ballantyne region. Some were directed to where Pukatawagan is located at Manitoba. Babies and children were not provided land. Parents provided their land to their children. Carlton Agency Ojibwa Reserve is one of chief Rocky Boys many Reservations and Reserves!
John Smith was chief Peguis who was possibly John Tanner or the brother of John Tanner. He possibly murdered Henry. R. Schoolcrafts brother James Schoolcraft, at Mackinac Island in 1846. Henry R. Schoolcrafts wife also died in 1846. I don't know if both incidents were related. Afterwards John Smith fled west to Montana and settled where Blackfeet Reservation is. American law enforcement issued a warrant for his arrest which motivated him to flee to Montana. He eventually returned to Canada. He was used by Canada to establish Muskoday Reserve. Chief Peguis was born in 1774. He died at Leech Lake Reservation at north Minnesota in 1922 at 148 years of age. Actual reason for John Smith fleeing to Canada was he was wanted by American law enforcement for murdering Henry. R. Schoolcrafts brother and possible other murders. A warrant for his arrest was still active in the 1870's. American leaders probably discontinued the warrant in the 1890's because John Smith was at or nearing 120 years of age. It's not known how many people John Smith murdered. His nose was disfigured in a fight around 1802 or so. If he was insulted becase of his nose disfigurement he probably murdered the person who insulted him. While at Mackinac Island working as an interpreter, he got to know the Schoolcrafts. It's possible James Schoolcraft helped John Tanner write his 1830 book. Did the book trouble Tanner? What is known is a feud between the Schoolcrafts and Tanner was well known during the 1830's and 1840's. We don't know for certain what instigated their fued. Since Tanner had a disfigured nose we can exclude that as being why James Schoolcraft was murdered. Money generated by book sales is a more likely reason for the murder. Misinformation in the book is also a more likely reason for the murder of James Schoolcraft. To understand this information you'd have to read John Tanners 1830 book. Chief Peguis (aka John Smith) became a notorious murderer after his nose was disfigured. Before that hostile incident he was rather peaceful.
Most of these Ojibwa's were very hostile excepting those led by John Smith, Ahatahkakoop and Mistawasis. He never warred against whites. One thing is for certain, John Smith did not want to get involved in the wars. Chief Kinematoyo represented Saulteaux Ojibwa's further northwest at the woodlands. Chief Big Bear was his superior. We know Witchekan Lake and Jackfish Lake Saulteaux Ojibwa's were affiliated with Big River which was led by chief Kinematoyo. A boundary between these Ojibwa's was observed. North Saskatchewan River was the boundary. Beardy, Cumberland, James Smith and One Arrow are located south of North Saskatchewan River yet can't be included as communities of Calton Agency Ojibwa Reserve. Each was placed under Duck Lake Agency Management. North of North Saskatchewan River are Big River, Lac La Ronge, Meadow Lake (aka Flying Dust), Mistawasis, Montreal Lake, Moosomin/Saulteaux, Muskeg Lake, Pelican Lake, Peter Ballantyne (includes Pukatawagan or Marcel Columb and Mathias Columb), Sandy Lake (aka Ahtahkakoop and Starblanket), Sturgeon Lake, Thunderchild and Witchekan Lake. Carlton Agency Ojibwa Reserve is theirs. They were very hostile. After 1885's Northwest Rebellion many dispersed north of North Saskatchewan River. Chakastapasin Ojibwa's were dealt with harshly. In 1898, Canada refused to recognize them. It's possible Canada settled some Montana Ojibwa's near James Smith Reserve (1896's forced relocation of 1,000's of Montana Ojibwa's) yet they retreated north to the woodlands. Some remained within James Smith's Reserve. They are from Cumberland. Canada does not recognize Chakastapasin for some reason!
Carlton Agency Ojibwa Reserve includes numerous groups of Ojibwa's. Many were relocated from their Chosen Land at Montana to the groups listed below! Some of these Saulteaux Ojibwa's remained hostile into the mid 20th century. Including Thunderchild is law. Originally they were affiliated with Moosomin/Saulteaux as was Waterhen Lake which is included also. Being defiant kept the Saulteaux Ojibwa's and Witchekan Lake Ojibwa's clinging to their Ojibwa identity. Below are links to photos of Meadow Lake (aka Flying Dust) community and a map of Carlton Agency Ojibwa Reserve.
Ahtahkakoop
Big River
Flying Dust
Lac La Ronge
Marcel Colomb
Mathias Colomb
Mistawasis
Montreal Lake
Moosomin/Saulteaux
Muskeg Lake
Pelican Lake
Sturgeon Lake
Thunderchild
Waterhen Lake
Witchekan Lake
Road Closeup's
Road Closeup's
Road Closeup's
Road Closeup's
Road Closeup's
Road Closeup's
Road Closeup's
Road Closeup's
Demographics of Carlton Agency Ojibwa Reserve
Land Area: 10,000 to 20,000 sq. mi. or 16,000 to 32,200 sq. km. (an estimate)
Population: 15,000
Language: Corrupted Ojibwa
Carry The Kettle Ojibwa Reserve
Assiniboine People are Ojibwa. Translation of 'Assiniboine' is not difficult. Ojibwa's pronounce 'Assiniboine' slightly different. It's "Ah-sin-ni Bwaan." Definition is "Stony Originals." They've long forgotten who they are. Ojibwa Traditionalists considered them Traitors! According to HBC (Hudson Bay Company) the Assiniboine lived west of Lake Winnipeg on to south Saskatchewan. Some lived at extreme north Montana. Always did they confine themselves near or at European Forts and Trade Posts to avoid Ojibwa Traditionalists. Are natives at Carry The Kettle the Assiniboine? No! We learn they agreed to Treaty 4 on September 25, 1877 and requested for a Reserve near the Cypress Hills. Chief Piapot was their leader. They fled Montana in 1876 and 1877 and did not want to relocate to where Carry The Kettle is. Chief Piapot and other Ojibwa leaders including chief Muscowpetung, requested for a Reserve at the Cypress Hills. Canada obviously agreed to set aside a large Reserve for Montana refugees in 1877 yet did not keep their promise. Canada set aside a 340 sq. mi. Reserve for them where Carry The Kettle Ojibwa Reserve is instead to lure them away from the Cypress Hills. First their leaders signed an adhesion to Treaty 4 on September 25, 1877 or soon after fleeing to the Cypress Hills from Montana. Chief Piapot had to relocate his Montana Ojibwa Subjects east to where Carry The Kettle Ojibwa Reserve is located. Without a doubt he was friends with chief Muscowpetung. Carry The Kettle Ojibwa Reserve had a land area of 340 sq. mi.
Chief Piapot was not content after settling at Carry The Kettle Ojibwa Reserve in 1883. He missed Cypress Hills Ojibwa Reserve. Sometime during 1884 he led his people to nearby Muscowpetung. That may have enraged Canadian leaders who were negotiating with Ojibwa leaders about Reserve land cessions. Carry The Kettle Ojibwa Reserve is another location where Montana Ojibwa's settled after fleeing their native Montana for the Cypress Hills. However, instead of settling at already existing Ojibwa Reserves Canada gave them their own Reserve. It deals with Cypress Hills Ojibwa Reserve. From supposedly 340 sq. mi. this Reserve dealt with a dramatic land loss. In 1905, Carry The Kettle Ojibwa Reserve surrendered 5,760 acres to chief Rocky Boys Montana Ojibwa's. Perhaps 50 of chief Rocky Boys Montana Ojibwa Subjects were relocated to Carry The Kettle Ojibwa Reserve in 1905 and 1906. Each was probably informed they'd receive 100 acres. Canada gave the land to whites instead. This Ojibwa Reserve is one of chief Rocky Boy's many Reservations and Reserves. First agency to manage Carry The Kettle Ojibwa Reserve was QU'APPELLE AGENCY. 1885's Rebellion fragmented their vast Reserve. In 1885, Assiniboine Agency (this Ojibwa Reserve is also known as Assiniboine Agency Ojibwa Reserve) commenced to manage Carry The Kettle Ojibwa Reserve. It was reported in 1900 or 1910, that most Ojibwa's of Carry The Kettle Ojibwa Reserve continued to follow Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy (Religion). Out of a population of 208 most (153) continued to follow Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy. Below are links to photos of Carry The Kettle Town.
Carry The Kettle Road Closeup
Carry The Kettle Road Closeup
Carry The Kettle Road Closeup
Carry The Kettle Road Closeup
Carry The Kettle Road Closeup
Carry The Kettle Road Closeup
Carry The Kettle Road Closeup
Carry The Kettle Road Closeup
Demographics of Carry The Kettle Ojibwa Reserve
Land Area: 64.0 sq. mi. or 165.7 sq. km.
Population: 930
Language: Corrupted
Crooked Lake Ojibwa Reserve
Their Reserve is approximately 332.2 sq. mi. or 860.5 sq. km. Size of this Ojibwa Reserve is larger because Canadian leaders betrayed chief Rocky Boy by giving the land surrender to whites instead of chief Rocky Boys Ojibwa Subjects. Land surrender from Cowesses District of 1907 (20,704 acres) is for chief Rocky Boys Ojibwa Subjects from Montana. This Ojibwa Reserve is one of chief Rocky Boy's many Reservations and Reserves. Cowesses, Kahkewistahaw, Ochapowace and Sakimay make up the four Districts of Crooked Lake Ojibwa Reserve. First agency to manage Crooked Lakes Ojibwa Reserve was known as QU'APPELLE AGENCY. On May 11, 1877 the first agent for QU'APPELLE AGENCY was appointed. In all QU'APPELLE AGENCY managed six Ojibwa Reserves. An indicator that instead of six Reserves it was really one large Ojibwa Reserve. 1885's Rebellion fragmented their vast Reserve. In July 1885 or a month or so after 1885's Northwest Rebellion, Crooked Lake Reserve was created. An agent was appointed to manage crooked Lake Reserve during that July of 1885. Most Ojibwa's of Crooked Lake Ojibwa Reserve were native to southeast Saskatchewan excepting chief Rocky Boys Ojibwa's who were relocated to Crooked Lake Ojibwa Reserve in 1907 and after. In 1900 or 1910, most Ojibwa's of Crooked Lake Ojibwa Reserve continued to follow Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy (Religion). Out of a population of 588 most (356) followed Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy. Cowesses had fewest Ojibwa Traditionalists with 8 while Sakimay had most with 199. QU'APPELLE AGENCY originally managed Crooked Lake Ojibwa Reserve along with the others listed below.
Carry The Kettle - Unknown Reserve (Paiapot originally lived at Carry The Kettle)
Long Lodge
Poor Man (affiliated with Kawacatoose or Ga-wa-ka-dos which means Extremely Lean)
Muscowpetung - Qu'Appelle Lakes Ojibwa Reserve
Pasqua
Piapot (land addition)
Standing Buffalo (land addition)
Little Black Bear - File Hills Ojibwa Reserve
Okanese
Peepeekisis
Star Blanket (probable affiliation with Ahtahkahkoop)
Chakachas (Ochapawace) - Crooked Lake Ojibwa Reserve
O'Soup (Cowesses)
Cowesses
Kahkewistahaw
Ochapowace
Ouchaness (?)
Sakimay
Keeseekoose - Assiniboine River Reserve
Key
Pheasant Rump
Red Ears
Waywayseecappo
White Bear
Day Star - Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve
Gordon
Muscowequan
Nut Lake (Yellow Quill - they either retreated north or refused to leave Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve)
Poor Man (affiliated with Poor Man listed above)
In 1885, QU'APPELLE AGENCY was displaced and new agencies created to manage the above districts which were created from Treaty 4 land area. It's evidence that they did participate in 1885's Northwest Rebellion! Chief Yellow Quill was possibly most hostile! Below are Districts of Crooked Lake Reserve, links to photos of their communities and a map of Crooked Lake Ojibwa Reserve!
Cowesses
Kahkewistahaw
Ochapowace
Sakimay
Cowessess From Road
Cowessess From Road
Cowessess From Road
Cowessess From Road
Cowessess From Road
Cowessess From Road
Kahkewistahaw From Road
Kahkewistahaw From Road
Kahkewistahaw From Road
Kahkewistahaw From Road
Kahkewistahaw From Road
Kahkewistahaw From Road
Ochapowace Satellite Image
Sakimay Satellite Image
Demographics of Crooked Lakes Ojibwa Reserve
Land Area: 332.2 sq. mi. or 860.5 sq. km. (estimate - it's probably larger)
Language: Ojibwa and Corrupted Ojibwa
Population: 2,248
File Hills Ojibwa Reserve
Their Reserve has a land area of 134.7 sq. mi. or 349.0 sq. km. A large Ojibwa Reserve was created after Treaty Four was agreed to in 1874. File Hills Reserve was established in 1885 or the year the Northwest Rebellion was fought. Four Districts make up File Hills Ojibwa Reserve. First agency to manage File Hills Ojibwa Reserve was known as QU'APPELLE AGENCY. On May 11, 1877 the first agent for QU'APPELLE AGENCY was appointed. In all QU'APPELLE AGENCY managed six Ojibwa Reserves. An indicator that instead of six Reserves it was really one large Ojibwa Reserve. 1885's Rebellion fragmented their vast Reserve. In 1885, File Hills Ojibwa Reserve was created and an agent appointed to manage the small Ojibwa Reserve. It was reported in 1900 or 1910, that most Ojibwa citizens of File Hills Ojibwa Reserve continued to follow Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy (Religion). Out of a population of 240 most (157) followed Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy or were Traditionalists. Below are the Districts that make up File Hills Ojibwa Reserve and a map of File Hills Ojibwa Reserve.
Little Black Bear
Okanese
Peepeekisis
Star Blanket
Demographics of File Hills Ojibwa Reserve
Land Area: 134.7 sq. mi. or 349.0 sq. km.
Population: 1,373
Language: Ojibwa and Corrupted Ojibwa
Muscowpetung Agency Ojibwa Reserve:
This Ojibwa Reserve is located at south central Saskatchewan and is larger. A land surrender from Muscowpetung in 1909 (the year chief Rocky Boy had to deal with forced relocations of his Montana Ojibwa Subjects) of 17,600 acres was stolen from chief Rocky Boy. Perhaps 100 to 150 of chief Rocky Boys Montana Ojibwa Subjects were relocated to Muscowpetung Agency Ojibwa Reserve in 1909 and 1910. After reaching Muscowpetung Agency Ojibwa Reserve they expected land. They were probably informed they'd receive up to 100 acres each. Canada instead gave the land to whites. That enraged chief Rocky Boy and his Montana Ojibwa Subjects who were relocated to Muscowpetung Agency Ojibwa Reserve. Creation of Muscowpetung Agency Ojibwa Reserve took place on February 9, 1886. An agent was appointed to Muscowpetung Agency to manage Muscowpetung Agency Ojibwa Reserve on that day. Earlier, land additions were supposedly added to Muscowpetung (Piapot) and Pasqua (Standing Buffalo). Originally, Muscowpetung and Pasqua were the only Districts. Chief Muscowpetung might have been rather hostile. Chief Muscowpetung probably originally lived at Montana. During 1876-1877's Montana War, large numbers of Montana Ojibwa's fled up to Alberta and Saskatchewan and settled around the Cypress Hills. Chief Big Bear was their leader. It took several years for chief Muscowpetung to bring his Ojibwa Subjects to their Reserve adjacent to Qu'Appelle Lakes. In 1881, they finally settled at their Reserve. Chief Pasqua was supposedly not liked very much by white leaders. According to historians, at first Pasqua refused to accept Reserve or cede land and tried to convince other Ojibwa leaders to do likewise. In responce to the defiance of Pasqua, Canada refused to provide annuities including food. That supposedly forced Pasqua to accept Reserve.
However, evidence indicates otherwise or Pasquah was not a follower of Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy (Religion) or was not a Traditionalist. Pasquah and Standing Buffalo Districts were nearly all Christians around 1900 to 1910. Out of Pasquah's population of 141 only 9 followed Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy. At Standing Buffalo, out of a population of 172 only 9 followed Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy. Pasquah was not expecting chief Muscowpetung to settle adjacent to his Reserve. Pasquah was native to south Saskatchewan. At Muscowpetung, out of a population of 97 most (55) were followers of Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy. At Piapot, out of a population of 180 most (105) were followers of Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy. Out of a population of 590 only 178 were followers of Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy or were Ojibwa Traditionalists. Muscowpetung had 160 Ojibwa's who continued to follow Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy or were Traditionalists. Only 18 were Ojibwa Traditionalists at Pasquah. Most Ojibwa's (313) lived at Pasquah. Most Ojibwa's Montana Ojibwa's who settled at the Cypress Hills who relocated to Ojibwa Reserves at south central and eastern Saskatchewan, settled adjacent to Pasquah Reserve. Pasquah was first to settle Ojibwa's adjacent to Qu'Appelle Lakes in 1874. Chief Muscowpetung was defiant. Cypress Hills Ojibwa Reserve was important to chief Muscowpetung and chief Piapot. Both did not want to relocate to Qu'Appelle Lakes. Muscowpetung Agency Ojibwa Reserve is one of chief Rocky Boy's many Reservations and Reserves. Below are Districts that make up Muscowpetung Agency Ojibwa Reserve, links to photos of their scenic land and a map of Muscowpetung Agency Ojibwa Reserve.
Muscowpetung
Pasqua
Piapot
Standing Buffalo
Muscowpetung Road View
Muscowpetung Road View
Muscowpetung Road View
Muscowpetung Road View
Muscowpetung Road View
Muscowpetung Road View
Muscowpetung Road View
Muscowpetung Road View
Muscowpetung Road View
Muscowpetung Road View
Piapot Town Road View
Piapot Town Road View
Piapot Town Road View
Piapot Town Road View
Piapot Town Road View
Piapot Town Road View
Pasqua Town Satellite Image
Standing Buffalo Town Satellite Image
Demographics of Muscowpetung Ojibwa Reserve
Land Area: 212.9 sq. mi. or 551.4 sq. km.
Population: 2,034
Language: Ojibwa and Corrupted Ojibwa
Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve:
From satellite images you'll notice 5 unique locations at Saskatchewan that could indicate the 5 Reserves listed under QU'APPELLE AGENCY managament. They are Day Star, Gordon, Muscowequan, Nut Lake and Poor Man. Below is a satellite image of that region. Listed are 5 numbers or 1 through 5. Number 1 is a location known as Last Mountain. It's not a mountain. The region is a small range of hills. Probably Touchwood Hills! Second one is File Hills Reserve. Third and fifth susposedly represent the Touchwood Hills region. However, there are no hills at that region. Fourth is located directly east of the third and fifth. You'll notice each region looks very green. That's because each region has woodlands and lakes. Only region 1 has a range of hills.
Communities of Lestock, Punnichy and Quinton are really within this Ojibwa Reserve. It's real translation is Touch Woodlands (some hills covered with a forest are not too far east of this Reserve) Ojibwa Reserve. First agency to manage Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve was known as QU'APPELLE AGENCY. Size of this Ojibwa Reserve is larger because of obvious Canadian corruption pertaining to chief Yellow Quills Ojibwa Subjects. On May 11, 1877 the first agent for QU'APPELLE AGENCY was appointed. In all QU'APPELLE AGENCY managed six Ojibwa Reserves. An indicator that instead of six Reserves it was really one large Ojibwa Reserve. 1885's Rebellion fragmented their vast Reserve. On October 19, 1886 or a year after 1885's Northwest Rellion, Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve was created. An agent was appointed to manage this Ojibwa Reserve on that day. Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve is made up of four districts and is larger. It's north boundary is probably Quill Lakes. Fishing Lake Ojibwa Reserve is not far from Quill Lakes. A list of Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve districts is below. Punnichy is their most important community. In 1885, QU'APPELLE AGENCY was displaced and new agencies created to manage the above districts which were created from Treaty 4 land area. It's evidence that they did participate in 1885's Northwest Rebellion. Most Ojibwa's of Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve were native to southeast Saskatchewan excepting chief Yellow Quills Ojibwa's who apparently originally lived at extreme south Manitoba where Swan Lake Ojibwa Reserve is located. Chief Yellow Quill was possibly most hostile! In 1900 or 1910, a large percentage of Ojibwa's of Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve continued to follow Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy (Religion). Out of a population of 868, they reported that 601 continued to follow Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy or were Ojibwa Traditionalists. Most were from chief Yellow Quills Ojibwa's. Fewest were from Gordon. Fishing Lake Ojibwa Reserve was added to File Hills Agency in 1907 and Kinistino (Kinistin) was added to File Hills Agency in 1949. Below are Districts that make up Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve, links to photos of their communities and a map of Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve!
Day Star
Gordon
Kawacatoose
Muskowekwan
Nut Lake (Yellow Quill)
Fishing Lake - 1907
Kinistino - 1949
Punnichy Road Closeup
Punnichy Road Closeup
Punnichy Road Closeup
Punnichy Road Closeup
Punnichy Road Closeup
Muskowekwan Road Closeup
Muskowekwan Road Closeup
Muskowekwan Road Closeup
Muskowekwan Road Closeup
Muskowekwan Road Closeup
Muskowekwan Road Closeup
Muskowekwan Road Closeup
Satellite Image of Day Star
Day Star Road Closeup
Day Star Road Closeup
Day Star Road Closeup
Day Star Road Closeup
Day Star Road Closeup
Day Star Road Closeup
Lestock Road Closeup
Lestock Road Closeup
Lestock Road Closeup
Lestock Road Closeup
Lestock Road Closeup
Lestock Road Closeup
Lestock Road Closeup
Lestock Road Closeup
Quinton Road Closeup
Quinton Road Closeup
Quinton Road Closeup
Quinton Road Closeup
Quinton Road Closeup
Demographics of Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve
Land Area: 600 sq. mi. or 1,554 sq. km. (estimate - it's probably larger)
Population: 3,772 (includes Fishing Lake, Kinistin, Yellow Quill and Lestock, Punnichy and Quinton)
Language: Ojibwa and Corrupted Ojibwa
White Bear Ojibwa Reserve
One of the six Reserves or Districts of QU'APPELLE AGENCY, White Bear Ojibwa Reserve was listed along with Keeseekoose, Key, Pheasant Rump, Red Ears and Waywayseecappo. Was it six Reserves or one large Reserve? In 1881, Keeseekoose, Key, Pheasant Rump, Red Ears, Waywayseecappo and White Bear were transferred to Birtle Agency where they were managed. White Bear Ojibwa Reserve is located at a region where land becomes slightly higher in elevation, more hilly and is covered with a forest and many lakes. Original White Bear Ojibwa Reserve extended to Qu'Appelle River. That changed in 1881. By transferring to a new agency it indicates a reduction in Reserve size or from a compact form Reserve it became either a distinct Reserve consisting of Keeseekoose, Key, Pheasant Rump, Red Ears, Waywayseecappo and White Bear or each became their own distinct Reserve. Apparently Ojibwa's of Birtle Agency were not at all hostile or they were later forced to leave the woodlands for the plains. During 1885's Northwest Rebellion they did not participate. History indicates some were forced to leave their original homes at the woodlands for the plains. A process that took considerable time.
Only six years after transferring to Birtle Agency, Pheasant Rump, Red Ears and White Bear were transferred to Moose Mountain Agency in 1887. On June 9, 1886 an agent was appointed for Moose Mountain Agency. This was a year before Moose Mountain Agency actually commenced as an agency. In 1901, Pheasant Rump and Red Ears were surrendered from Moose Mountain Agency Ojibwa Reserve. Both were surrendered to chief Rocky Boys Montana Ojibwa Subjects. However, Canada gave the land to whites instead of chief Rocky Boys Ojibwa Subjects. Chief Rocky Boy was once again betrayed! Historians are liars. The 46,720 acres was not added to White Bear Reserve. It was given to whites. White Bear Reserve including Pheasant Rump and Red Ears is much larger. White leaders were scheming very early or long before 1901, to depopulate Ojibwa's from their Chosen Land at Montana. If average allotments were 100 acres that indicates over 400 Montana Ojibwa's were relocated to White Bear Ojibwa Reserve. However, it was closer to 600 to 800. All land surrenders between 1897 and 1911 were for Montana Ojibwa's. Canada repeatedly deceived Ojibwa's who were expecting to receive land after reaching Reserves. Instead they were forced to amalgamate with the Reserves population. White Bear Ojibwa Reserve has a land area of near 100,000 acres. Their leaders are allowing whites to colonize their Reserve. They are only thinking of themselves.
Demographics of White Bear Ojibwa Reserve
Land Area: 139.5 miles or 361.4 sq. km.
Population: 722
Language: Ojibwa
Yellow Quill Ojibwa Reserve
We must understand that Canada used deception pertaining to these Ojibwa's! Chief Yellow Quill is thought to have been native to extreme south Manitoba where Swan Lake Ojibwa Reserve is. That's incorrect. Northeast of Swan River, Manitoba by several miles is Swan Lake. It's a rather large lake west of Lake Winnipegosis. Chief Yellow Quill is native to that region of Manitoba which is a few miles east of Saskatchewan. Or he might have been from the Swan Lake, Montana region! Pine Creek Ojibwa's are signatories to Treaty 4 and were managed by QU'APPELLE AGENCY early on. Chief Yellow Quill was very active from Swan Lake to Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve. In fact, chief Yellow Quill was leader of three Ojibwa Reserves. Muscowpetung Ojibwa Reserve, Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve and Yellow Quill Ojibwa Reserve. From a direct line from south to north they're Muscowpetung, Touchwood Hills and Yellow Quill. On the east of Yellow Quill his Reserve extends east to Lake Winnipegosis where Pine Creek is. Boundary then extends north to Shoal River (Pelican Rapids) and west to Wuskwi Sipihk then to Dawson Bay then slightly northwest to Red Earth at Saskatchewan then back to Yellow Quill. Red Earth Ojibwa's are thought to have been signatories to Treaty 5. However, their close proximity to Yellow Quill tells otherwise. We must include Red Earth as a community of Yellow Quill Ojibwa Reserve. It's a region heavily forested and took time for Montana Ojibwa's to become accustomed to. From a prairie way of life to woodlands way of life.
Cote/Keeseekoose/Key are from Yellow Quills Ojibwa's. Southwest of Yellow Quill Ojibwa Reserve is Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve. It's north boundary is Quill Lakes and Fishing Lake. At Muscowpetung Ojibwa Reserve historical evidence suggests the Reserve was turbulent. In 1900, they reported that only adults lived there. Ojibwa children were not included in the Reserves census which indicates their Ojibwa parents did not want their children attending boarding schools. Canada forced the Ojibwa children of Muscowpetung to attend boarding schools far from their parents. Neglect in following (honoring) treaty led to trouble. Chief Yellow Quill approved of the location between Qu'Appelle Lakes and Quill Lakes. To him the region which contains incredible numbers of lakes, was ideal for his Ojibwa Subjects. Not only did the lakes provide fish they also provided fowl and wild rice. Though Muscowpetung Ojibwa Reserve and Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve were smaller, his Ojibwa Subjects had supplies of food. Chief Yellow Quill had to deal with extremely corrupt Canadian leaders who agreed to accept many Montana Ojibwa's. They were relocated to Muscowpetung Ojibwa Reserve, Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve and Yellow Quill Ojibwa Reserve. Three lakes (Fishing Lakes) were selected by chief Yellow Quill and his sub-chiefs. Swan Lake (Lake Winnipegosis also), Quill Lakes and Qu'Appelle Lakes.
We know authentic Ojibwa leaders considered one mile to be one league or three miles. Both Muscowpetung Ojibwa Reserve and Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve are three times larger. In between Yellow Quill and Touchwood Hills is Quill Lakes which is now one lake. Yes, chief Yellow Quill was active at all three Ojibwa Reserves and dealt with Canadian leaders refusing to behave like law obeying leaders. Yellow Quill Ojibwa Reserve is signatory to Treaty 4 with the exception of possibly Red Earth. These following descriptions of Yellow Quill Ojibwa Reserve are fabricated: Cote - 56.5 sq.mi. | Key - 38.0 sq.mi. | Keeseekoose - 286.0 sq. mi. (other estimates put it at 28.6 sq. mi. | Pine Creek - 14.3 sq. mi. | Dawson Bay & Mouth of Shoal River (Sapotaweyak and Wuskwi Sipihk) - 1.5 sq. mi. | Steep Rock Point - 3.55 sq. mi. | Swan Lake, Woody River, Birch River - 3.03 sq. mi. | Red Earth (possibly Steep Rocky Point) - 3.19 sq. mi. Yellow Quill Ojibwa Reserve is much larger and nearly all woodlands.
To understand this important information better we must investigate Swan River region of Manitoba west to Saskatchewan where Cote/Keeseekoose/Key and Yellow Quill are located. A large Ojibwa Reserve was created at that location by Treaty 4 which is mostly woodlands. Canada forced Ojibwa's to relocate to Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve from Yellow Quills Ojibwa Reserve and that possibly led to violence! All were originally managed by QU'APPELLE AGENCY except possibly Red Earth. However, most originally lived at Manitoba or old Swan River Ojibwa Reserve which means it can be named Swan River Ojibwa Reserve. We'll use Yellow Quill Ojibwa Reserve however. It's more appropriate! Pine Creek are signatories to Treaty 4 and from Yellow Quill Ojibwa's.
According to historians floods caused Keeseekoose and The Key to relocate to where they live at Saskatchewan. That may be incorrect. Not all left Manitoba. Those that remained are now known as Sapotaweyak and Wuskwi Sipihk. In 1900, they reported that Sapotaweyak and Wuskwi Sipihk were all Christians. They've long forgotten who they are however. Their original Reserve listed under QU'APPELLE AGENCY included Cote, Keeseekoose, Key, Pheasant Rump, Red Ears, Waywayseecappo and White Bear. An extensive region from the mouth of Qu'Appelle River at Assiniboine River then up to where Cote/Keeseekoose/Key are located then on into Manitoba to Lake Winnipegosis. QU'APPELLE AGENCY managed them until 1881 when Birtle Agency commenced to manage them. All other Districts (Reserves) were placed under management of other agencies in 1885. Sapotaweyak and Wuskwi Sipihk are descendants of chief Yellow Quills Ojibwa's! They placed Yellow Quill with Touchwood Hills to cover-up! It was from the Swan Lake northeast of Swan River, Manitoba where chief Yellow Quill originally lived before being directed to Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve. He proved to be defiant however. We must follow chief Yellow Quill to discover the history of this Ojibwa Reserve!
In 1889, Shoal River Ojibwa's of the Cote, Keeseekoose and Key Ojibwa's (white historians now call them Sapotaweyak and Wuskwi Sipihk) were placed under Lake Manitoba Agency. Among them was extreme differences. Ojibwa's of Cote, Keeseekoose and Key followed Ojibwa Beliefs (Religion or Totemic System). Ojibwa's of Lake Manitoba Agency were mostly Christians. In 1900, they reported that of the Lake Manitoba Agency population of 1,081, some 102 continued to follow Ojibwa Beliefs (Religion). Pine Creek signed Treaty 4 and were certainly under QU'APPELLE AGENCY Management for a number of years. In 1900, they reported that all Pine Creek Ojibwa's (92) were Christians. Shoal River (Sapotaweyak/ Wuskwi Siphk) Ojibwa's numbering 60, were also all Christians. Civil strife existed among them. That's probably what led to a drift or Keeseekoose and Key drifting to Saskatchewan. These Lake Manitoba Agency Ojibwa's were without government or were lawless and Christians: Fairford (of 183 only 2 followed Ojibwa Beliefs); Little Saskatchewan (all 108 were Christians); Sandy Bay (of 245 only 7 followed Ojibwa Beliefs); Water Hen River (all 132 were Christians). All other Lake Manitoba Agency Ojibwa's continued to follow Ojibwa Beliefs (Religion). Crane River (35 of 53 followed Ojibwa Beliefs); Ebb & Flow (11 of 65 followed Ojibwa Beliefs); Lake Manitoba (21 of 105 followed Ojibwa Beliefs) and Lake St. Martin (26 of 121 followed Ojibwa Beliefs).
Pine Creek was placed within Lake Manitoba Agency in 1877. Cote/Keeseekoose/Key Ojibwa's are same Ojibwa's as Pine Creek Ojibwa's who live adjacent to Lake Winnipegisis on it's southwestern shores. Ojibwa's of Cote/Keeseekoose/Key, Red Earth and Yellow Quill continued to follow Ojibwa Beliefs or Ojibwa Prophesy (Religion) into the 20th century. In 1900, they reported that 673 of their population of 1,256 continued to follow Ojibwa Beliefs (Religion or Totemic System). All 92 from Pine Creek were Christians. Their children were forced to attend white controlled boarding schools in the 1870's and 1880's. By the early 1900's they know longer recognized the Ojibwa Totemic System which governed them. However, their parents and grandparents did. According to historians on September 15, 1874, Cote and Keeseekoose signed Treaty 4. Ow-ta-pe-ka-kaw signed Treaty 4 on September 24, 1875.
Unusually, on August 24, 1876 chief Yellow Quill along with his sub-chiefs Kinistin and Nepinawa signed Treaty 4. What's so unusual is the signing (August 24, 1876) was two months after the Battle of Little Big Horn! Did chief Yellow Quill flee Montana for Saskatchewan? If that's correct it means Muscowpetung Ojibwa Reserve, Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve and Yellow Quill Ojibwa Reserve were set aside for Montana Ojibwa's. All three Ojibwa Reserves were surveyed between 1876 and 1883. If you do a careful investigation of Carry The Kettle Ojibwa Reserve, Crooked Lake Ojibwa Reserve, File Hills Ojibwa Reserve, Muscowpetung Ojibwa Reserve, Touchwood Hills Ojibwa Reserve and Yellow Quill Ojibwa Reserve you'll be convinced they were originally from Montana. Cypress Hills is at the center. 1876 a year of great importance! From the Cypress Hills a line extending northeast to Swan Lake at Manitoba is observed! A migration of over 10,000 Montana Ojibwa's from the Great Falls, Montana region to the Cypress Hills followed, after American's launched their 1876 Military Campaign. Most were directed north to North Saskatchewan River where Battleford, Saskatchewan is. Perhaps 2,000 to 3,000 were directed northeast to southeast Saskatchewan where chief Yellow Quill was dominate leader. It needs further investigations.
Excluding details of Cote/Keeseekoose/Key, Pine Creek, Red Earth and Yellow Quill Reserves is righteuous! There is a large Ojibwa Reserve located from where Yellow Quill is east to Pine Creek then up to Pelican Rapids then to Red Earth then back to Yellow Quill. It's a location rightfully a wilderness or woodlands with numerous lakes. Exactly how many Montana Ojibwa's relocated to that region is not known. However, between 1904 and 1909 a series of land surrenders took place. Those land surrenders were for chief Rocky Boys Montana Ojibwa Subjects. Over 40,000 acres was surrendered. That confirms that 100's of Montana Ojibwa's were relocated to Yellow Quill Ojibwa Reserve. Including their children their population may have been over 1,000. Land surrenders took place in 1904 (272 acres), 1905 (18,043 acres), 1907 (10,740 acres), 1909 (The Key surrendered 11,500 acres). A total of 40,555 acres was surrendered to chief Rocky Boys Montana Ojibwa Subjects. Canada gave the land to whites. There may have been violence that followed pertaining to white leaders betraying Ojibwa leaders. Below are links to photos of Cote/Keeseekoose/The Key communities, map of Yellow Quill Ojibwa Reserve and demographics of this Ojibwa Reserve.
Carrot River
Cote
Keeseekoose
Pine Creek
Red Earth
Sapotaweyak
The Key
Wuskwi Siphk
Yellow Quill
Badgerville Road View
Badgerville Road View
Badgerville Road View
Badgerville Road View
Badgerville Road View
Badgerville Road View
Badgerville Road View
Badgerville Road View
Badgerville Road View
Badgerville Road View
Springside (Keeseekoose) Satellite Image
Springside Road View
Springside Road View
Springside Road View
Springside Road View
Springside Road View
Springside Road View
The Key Satellite Image
Demographics of Yellow Quill Ojibwa Reserve
Land Area: Not Known
Population: 1,541
Language: Ojibwa
Carrot River (Shoal Lake) Ojibwa's:
They are a part of the Saulteaux Ojibway Cumberland House Band or the Pas Band who are Treaty 5 signatories. Read Treaty 5 Text! They are within Misipawistik Reserve yet we could place them in Duck Lake Reserve!
The Language is Corrupted Ojibwa
Their community Population is 829.
Their community Populations are 1,853 (280 Key, 700 Keeseekoose, 873 Cote)
Makwa Sahgaiehcan Ojibwa's:
They are a part of Chief Big Bears Reserve which includes Cold Lake, Elizabeth, Fishing Lake (it's in Alberta), Frog Lake, Ministikwan, Onion Lake and Thunderchild. Makwa is Ojibwa for Bear. Sahgaiehcan is Ojibwa for Reservoir. Last battle of 1885's Northwest Rebellion was fought here.
The Language is Corrupted Ojibwa
Their community Population is 1,009
Ministikwan Ojibwa's:
They are a part of Chief Big Bears Reserve which includes Cold Lake, Elizabeth, Fishing Lake (it's in Alberta), Frog Lake, Makwa Sahgaiehcan, Onion Lake and Thunderchild.
The Language is Corrupted Ojibwa
Their community Population is 847
Muskoday Ojibwa's:
This Reserve is extensive! They are supposedly originally from the Ojibwa St. Peters Reserve of Manitoba. Their leader may have been chief Peguis or Chief John Smith from Leech Lake Reservation in Minnesota.
The Language is Ojibwa
Their community Population is 606
Onion Lake Ojibwa's:
They are a part of Chief Big Bears Reserve which includes Cold Lake, Elizabeth, Fishing Lake (it's in Alberta), Frog Lake, Makwa Sahgaiehcan, Ministikwan and Thunderchild. After signing treaty in 1877, chief Big Bear led 1,000's of his Montana Ojibwa Subjects who fled their native Montana, for Alberta's and Saskatchewan's Cypress Hills, 100's of miles north to a location near Fort Pitt, Saskatchewan.
The Language is Corrupted Ojibwa
Their communities Populations are 3,448
Red Earth Ojibwa's:
They are a part of the Saulteaux Ojibwa Cumberland House Band or the Pas Band who are Treaty 5 signatories. Read Treaty 5 Text! They are located within the Ojibwa Misipawistik Reserve.
The Language is Corrupted Ojibwa
Their community Population is 334.
