Pasqua First Nation

It is one of four Ojibwa communities located around Qu'Appelle Lakes. Pasqua First Nation is located at south Saskatchewan. Below are links to google maps photos of Pasqua Town. Pasqua is within Muscowpetung Ojibwa Reserve. It's an Ojibwa Reserve also known as Qu'Appelle Lakes Ojibwa Reserve. It includes Muscowpetung and Pasqua and land additions to Muscowpetung in 1882 (Piapot) and Pasqua in 1881 (Standing Buffalo). However, originally it was only Pasqua. During 1876/1877 large numbers of Montana Ojibwa's fled their Chosen Land at Montana. Cypress Hills had fuel (wooded hills and small mountains) so they settled at and around the Cypress Hills. Canada convinced chief Muscowpetung to relocate his Ojibwa Subjects to a 60.0 sq. mi. (155.4 sq. km.) Reserve adjacent to that of Pasqua Reserve which had a land area of 60.0 sq. mi. (155.4 sq. km.). After land additions of 1881 and 1882, Muscowpetung Ojibwa Reserve land area increased by 58 sq. mi. (158.2 sq. km.). Piapot land addition was of 58.0 sq. mi. (158.2 sq. km.). Pasqua Reserve increased by 7.0 sq. mi. (18.1 sq. km.). However, what is now Echo Valley Provincial Park is a part of Pasqua Reserve. It's land area is 2.5 sq. mi. (6.5 sq. km.). Ojibwa leaders demanded that land so Standing Buffalo land addition was adjacent to Pasqua by Qu'Appelle River. Pasqua Reserve real land area is 69.5 sq. mi. (180.0 sq. km.). Reserve land was stolen from Pasqua and Muscowpetung in 1906 and 1909. More about that is further below. Cree People are really the Athabascan Beaver Tribe. There are no Cree First Nations at Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec! Below are excerpts from very old books that will help educate you! Look for the 18th century maps. Instead of south to north they are from southeast to northwest. Churchill River is the north boundary. A few Assiniboine and Cree lived west of Lake Winnipeg but were driven to the northwest by 1800 by Ojibwa Soldiers. Churchill River was a boundary used in the 18th century. From Churchill, Manitoba to South Indian Lake, Manitoba to Sandy Bay, Saskatchewan to Buffalo Narrows, Saskatchewan where the source of Churchill River is, this river flows for 1,000 miles. It's source is Churchill Lake, Saskatchewan. All land north of Churchill River is Chipewyan land. Chipewyan is the correct pronunciation of O Chib-bwan or Chib-bwan which means "The Originals and Originals in Ojibwa Language." Remember that white leaders are suppose to prove to Native Americans that whites are the brothers and sisters of Native Americans. More important history information is below photos links.

Pasqua Satellite Image

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Land Surrenders

Chief Rocky Boy was given a portion of Muscowpetung Ojibwa Reserve in 1909 and a portion of Pasqua Ojibwa Reserve in 1906. All Reserve land surrenders at Canada between 1897 and 1911 were for Montana Ojibwa's. During early summer 1896, American Soldiers led by Colonel Pershing, rounded up 1,000's of Montana Ojibwa's living at their Ojibwa Reservation at the Great Falls and Helena region. After being forced to Great Falls, they were forcefully relocated. Canada agreed to accept many of them. Forced relocations of Montana Ojibwa's from their Chosen Land continued up to at least 1909 yet could have gone on until 1934. In 1906 Pasqua Reserve was forced to cede 16,077 acres to chief Rocky Boys Montana Ojibwa Subjects. During 1909's forced relocations, 17,600 acres of Muscowpetung Reserve was ceded to chief Rocky Boys Montana Ojibwa Subjects. It was a "Forced Relocation." Up to 100 to 150 Montana Ojibwa's were relocated to Muscowpetung Reserve which was promised to them. Instead of honoring the agreement, Canada forced them to relocate to not only Muscowpetung but also Pasqua, Piapot and Standing Buffalo. Ojibwa leaders of Muscowpetung Reserve ceded the land to Montana Ojibwa's who were forcefully relocated. They did not cede the land to Canada. Within a short time after Montana Ojibwa's were relocated to Muscowpetung Reserve, Canada announced the land surrender was intended for white settlers. White leaders lied! Concerning the 17,600 acres ceded to Montana Ojibwa's led by chief Rocky Boy, it continues to belong to Muscowpetung First Nation. Chief Rocky Boy certainly agreed to merge with Muscowpetung Ojibwa's. During negotiations held on January 4, 1909, Muscowpetung Ojibwa's at first refused to cede the land. Fear of white deceptions (trickery) troubled them. American leaders were conspiring as early as 1907 to force 1,000's of Montana Ojibwa's to relocate away from their Chosen Land. Chief Rocky Boy was told to gather his Ojibwa Subjects near Helena in 1908 or shortly after his Reservations Agency (St. Peters Mission) was destroyed in early 1908 and Swan Valley Massacre of October 1908. During 1909 much unrest circulated among the OJibwa's at the Helena region. There was close to 1,000 Ojibwa's at two Ojibwa camps near Helena in late 1909 awaiting forced relocations. Ojibwa's were also gathered near Great Falls or another nearby community to await forced relocations. In November 1909 the forced relocations commenced. Between 100 and 200 were sent to Blackfeet Reservation. However, other locations including Cote and Muscowpetung were involved. Blackfeet Reservation gets the attention because chief Rocky Boy was forced to relocate and live there in 1909. By 11:00 p.m. on January 4, 1909 Muscowpetung leaders agreed to cede 17,600 acres to chief Rocky Boys Montana Ojibwa Subjects. As they expected, the 17,600 acres was given to white settlers instead of chief Rocky Boys Ojibwa Subjects.

Look for the mountain peak shape on the map. That's where Churchill is located. Churchill River is almost adjacent to Churchill Town. Part London of Hudson Bay is written above the mountain shaped peak. You can tell it's been violated! It should read "Part of Hudson Bay." Andrew Graham drew the map in 1774. In 1991, another source "Ruggles," either copied the 1774 map of Andrew Graham or changed it. Lake Winnipeg and Lake Manitoba (Mantouabau) look awkward!. That's because the map is from southeast to northwest. Nekawawuck Indian Country represents Northern Ojibwa Territory. It's definition is not known. However, the "ne" represents point in Ojibwa Language so it refers to a place and people. Discovering what "ka-wa-wuck" means won't be easy! Word for "Freezing" in Ojibwa Language is either "Mash-ka-wad-ji-win or Ga-wad-ji-win." The 'd' is not pronounced. It's used to let learners know that the following 'j' is pronounced like judge, just, ect. Not like 'zhi.' Ne Ka-wa-wuck probably means "Point Freeze People." Pronunciation is "Nay Ga-wa-wug." An excellent description of the Churchill, Manitoba region! Of course, you've noticed the point where Churchill is! Keskachewan (Italians and the Beaver Tribe or Cree) Territory extends to almost Nunavut. Dogrib Territory (Ateemouspecky) Territory is located at southwest Nunavut.

This is a satellite image of the same region from google earth. It's from a southeast to northwest direction. It fits in well with the 1774 Andrew Graham Map. Lake Winnipeg looks almost similar to how it's depicted on the 1774 Andrew Graham Map.

What did they mean by "Keskachewans Resort Prior To European Settlements?" Were they indicating the Keskachewans resorted to migrate west. If they did resort to a west migration, Graham was writing about the establishment of Cumberland House at Saskatchewan in 1774. That would confirm the Keskachewans were Europeans with some of the Beaver Tribe (the Assiniboine and Cree) who sneaked their way to what is now the Cumberland House Region of Saskatchewan in 1774. Italians had already reached that area decades earlier! That's why Graham was familiar with that region! If Graham was referring to Italians reaching Manitoba and Saskatchewan in the 1730's and early 1750's that is! Fort de la Corne was built in 1753. It was located east of what is now Prince Albert, Saskatchewan almost adjacent to the east border of James Smith Reserve. Fort La Jonquiere was built in 1751 and was located near what is now Nipawin, Saskatchewan. Italians had established forts at south Manitoba in the 1730's. Using alcohol and drugs they lured in idiotic Ojibwa's (the Beaver Tribe or Assiniboine and Cree) who pitched their camps near the three Italian Forts built at south Manitoba. After Ojibwa Soldiers drove the Italians out during 1750-1763's War, those idiotic Ojibwa's relocated to European Forts adjacent to Hudson Bay. If Keskachewans do represent Europeans it means Northern Ojibwa Territory extends as far north as the Arctic Ocean! Graham wrote "NORTHERN KESKACHEWAN - BEAVER INDIANS." Cursive writing on the maps is very difficult to decipher. Graham was certainly referring to Europeans and idiotic Ojibwa's (the Assiniboine and Cree) as being the KESKACHEWANS AND BEAVER INDIANS. SOUTHERN KESKACHEWANS REPRESENT EUROPEANS OR ITALIAN'S. Evidently Italians continued to live at south Manitoba in the late 18th century. Though Graham wrote Assiniboine as Asenepoets we know who they are. Asenepoets is pronounced 'Ah-sin-ni-poats.' Read the following carefully. At Island Lake, Manitoba, Ojibwa leaders of Garden Hill, St. Theresa Point, Wasagamack and Red Sucker Lake are so stupid they don't know what "Oji" means. It's a combined word meaning "The originals." The "O" means 'the' in Ojibwa Language. Similar in sound to the Ojibwa word for 'that' which is "aw." It's pronounced "ow." It ryhmes with 'cow.' Oji is from "O Tchi Bwa." Word for before as in original in Ojibwa Language is "Tchi Bwa." It's pronounced "Tchib Bwa." Some Ojibwa Language Dialects pronounce it "Ji Bwa or Jib Bwa." They're scared and looking for excuses!