Anishinabe History


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Montana Ojibwe Reservations and their Communities Book

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Place Names of the Ojibwa in Future Codes Book



Every white leader that has lived is not allowed to live again!

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Ojibwa Towns Air Ronge, Saskatchewan Ball Club, Minnesota Batchewana, Ontario Battle Point, Minnesota Bay Mills, Michigan Bena, Minnesota Box Elder, Montana Browning, Montana Cass Lake, Minnesota Chippewa Hill, Ontario Chippewas of the Thames, Ontario Couchiching, Ontario Constance Lake, Ontario Cowessess, Saskatchewan Crow Agency, Montana Dupree, South Dakota Eagle Butte, South Dakota East Glacier, Montana East Moberly Lake, British Columbia Fort Belknap Agency, Montana Fort Duchesne, Utah Fort Hall, Idaho Fort William, Ontario Furnace Creek, California Garden River, Ontario Grand Rapids, Manitoba Green Lake, Saskatchewan Gull Bay, Ontario Harlem, Montana Heart Butte, Montana Kahkewistahaw, Saskatchewan Kashechewan, Ontario Kipawa, Quebec Keshena, Wisconsin Kitigan Zibi, Quebec La Loche, Saskatchewan Lac La Ronge, Saskatchewan Lac Simon, Quebec Lodge Grass, Montana Makwa Sahgaiehcan, Saskatchewan Maskwacis, Alberta Mississagi, Ontario Naytahwaush, Minnesota North Browning, Montana O'Chiese, Alberta Ogema, Minnesota Opaskwayak, Manitoba Pablo, Montana Pala, California Peguis, Manitoba Pikogan, Quebec Pine Creek, Manitoba Pine Ridge, South Dakota Ponemah, Minnesota Poplar, Montana Redby, Minnesota Red Lake, Minnesota Sandy Bay, Manitoba Sells, Arizona Snye, Ontario South Browning, Montana Standoff, Alberta Toppenish, Washington Torres, California Vineland, Minnesota Wabowden, Manitoba Wapato, Washington Waubun, Minnesota Waywayseecappo, Manitoba Wellpinit, Washington West Bay, Ontario Weyakwin, Saskatchewan White Earth, Minnesota White Swan, Washington Whitefish Lake, Ontario Whitefish River, Ontario Whiterocks, Utah Wikwemikong, Ontario

First Nations Ahtahkakoop First Nation Aroland First Nation Attawapiskat First Nation Batchewana First Nation Bear Island First Nation Bearskin Lake First Nation Berens River First Nation Big Grassy First Nation Big Island First Nation Big River First Nation Big Trout Lake First Nation Black River First Nation Blood First Nation Bloodvein First Nation Brokenhead First Nation Brunswick House First Nation Buffalo Point First Nation Cat Lake First Nation Chapleau First Nation Chemawawin First Nation Chippewas of the Thames First Nation Constance Lake First Nation Cote First Nation Couchiching First Nation Cowessess First Nation Crane River First Nation Cross Lake First Nation Cumberland House First Nation Dalles First Nation Dauphin River First Nation Day Star First Nation Deer Lake First Nation Duck Lake First Nation Eagle Lake First Nation Eagle Village First Nation East Moberly Lake First Nation Ebb & Flow First Nation Ermineskin First Nation Fairford First Nation Fishing Lake First Nation Fort Alexander First Nation Fort Hope First Nation Fort Severn First Nation Fort William First Nation Frog Lake First Nation Gambler First Nation Garden River First Nation Georgina Island First Nation Ginoogaming First Nation Golden Lake First Nation Gordon First Nation Grand Rapids First Nation Grassy Narrows First Nation Gull Bay First Nation Halfway River First Nation Henvey Inlet First Nation Hollow Water First Nation Iskatewizaagegan First Nation Jackhead First Nation James Smith First Nation Kahkewistahaw First Nation Kasabonika First Nation Kawacatoose First Nation Kebaowek (Kipawa) First Nation Keeseekoose First Nation Keeseekoowenin First Nation Keewaywin First Nation Kehewin First Nation Kingfisher First Nation Kinistin First Naton Kitcisakik First Nation Kitigan Zibi First Nation Lac Des Mille Lacs First Nation Lac La Croix First Nation Lac La Ronge First Nation Lac Seul First Nation Lac Simon First Nation Lake Manitoba First Nation Lake Nipigon First Nation Lake St. Martin First Nation Little Grand Rapids First Nation Little Saskatchewan First Nation Long Lake 58 First Nation Louis Bull First Nation Magnetawan First Nation Makwa Sahgaiehcan First Nation Manto Sipi First Nation Manto Sakahigan First Nation Marcel Colomb First Nation Marten Falls First Nation Matachewan First Nation Mathias Colomb First Nation Mattagami First Nation Michipicoten First Nation Mississagi First Nation Mistawasis First Nation Montana First Nation Montreal Lake First Nation Moose Lake First Nation Moose Deer Point First Nation Moosomin First Nation Muscowpetung First Nation Muskeg Lake First Nation Muskoday First Nation Muskrat Dam First Nation Nelson House First Nation Neskantaga First Nation North Caribou Lake First Nation North Spirit Lake First Nation Northwest Angle 33 First Nation Northwest Angle No. 37 First Nation Norway House First Nation Ochapowace First Nation O'Chiese First Nation Ojibway Nation of Saugeen First Nation Okanese First Nation Onigaming First Nation Onion Lake First Nation Opaskwayak First Nation Osnaburgh First Nation Oxford House First Nation Parry Island First Nation Pasqua First Nation Pauingassi First Nation Pays Plat First Nation Peepeekisis First Nation Peguis First Nation Pelican Lake First Nation Peter Ballantyne First Nation Piapot First Nation Pic Mobert First Nation Pic River First Nation Pikangikum First Nation Pikogan First Nation Pikwakanagan First Nation Pine Creek First Nation Poplar Hill First Nation Poplar River First Nation Rat Portage First Nation Red Earth First Nation Red Gut First Nation Red Rock First Nation Rocky Bay First Nation Rolling River First Nation Roseau River First Nation Sachigo Lake First Nation Saddle Lake First Nation Sagamok First Nation Sakimay First Nation Samson First Nation Sandy Bay First Nation Sandy Lake First Nation Saulteaux First Nation Scugog First Nation Seine First Nation Serpent River First Nation Shamattawa First Nation Shawanaga First Nation Sheguiandah First Nation Sheshegwaning First Nation Shoal Lake First Nation Shoal Lake No. 34b2 First Nation Shoal Lake No. 39 First Nation Shoal Lake First Nation Siksika First Nation Slate Falls First Nation South Indian Lake First Nation Split Lake First Nation Standing Buffalo First Nation Stanjikoming First Nation Star Blanket First Nation Sturgeon Lake First Nation Sucker Creek 23 First Nation Sunchild First Nation Swan Lake First Nation Temagami First Nation The Key First Nation Thessalon First Nation Thunderchild First Nation Valley River First Nation Wabauskang First Nation Wabigoon First Nation Wahgoshig First Nation Walpole Island First Nation Wapekeka First Nation War Lake First Nation Washagamis First Nation Waterhen First Nation Waterhen Lake First Nation Wawakapewin First Nation Waywayseecappo First Nation Webequie First Nation Weenusk First Nation West Bay First Nation West Moberly Lake First Nation Whitebear First Nation Whitedog First Nation Whitefish Bay First Nation White Fish Lake 128 First Nation Whitefish River First Nation Whitesand First Nation Wikwemikong First Nation Winneway First Nation Witchekan Lake First Nation Wunnumin Lake First Nation Wuskwi Sipihk First Nation Yellow Quill First Nation York Factory First Nation Zhibaahaasing First Nation

Ojibwa Reservations Bad River Reservation Big Cyprus Reservation Blackfeet Reservation Brighton Reservation Cheyenne River Reservation Coeur d'Alene Reservation Colorado River Reservation Colville Reservation Crow Creek Reservation Crow/Northern Cheyenne Reservation Death Valley Reservation Duck Valley Reservation Durango Reservation Fond Du Lac Reservation Forest County Reservation Fort Apache/San Carlos Reservation Fort Assiniboine Reservation Fort Belknap Reservation Fort Berthold Reservation Fort Hall Reservation Fort Mojave Reservation Fort Peck Reservation Fort Yuma Reservation Goshute Reservation Grand Portage Reservation Grand Traverse Reservation Isabella Reservation Jocko Reservation Kaibab Reservation Lac Courte Oreille Reservation Lac Du Flambeau Reservation Lac Vieux Reservation L'Anse Reservation Leech Lake Reservation Lemhi Reservation Lower Brule Reservation Menominee Reservation Miccosukke Reservation Mille Lacs Reservation Nacimiento Reservation Navajo Reservation Nett Lake Reservation Nez Perce Reservation Papago Reservation Passamaquoddy Township Reservation Passamaquoddy Pleasant Point Reservation Penobscot Island Reservation Pine Ridge Reservation Quinault Reservation Red Cliff Reservation Red Lake Reservation Rosebud Reservation Sokaogan Reservation Spirit Lake Reservation Spokan Reservation Standing Rock Reservation Tamichopa Reservation Torres/Martinez Reservation Turtle Mountain Reservation Uintah Valley/Uncompahgre Reservation Umatilla Reservation Warm Springs Reservation White Earth Reservation Wind River Reservation Yakima Reservation

Ojibwa Reserves Akaitcho Ojibwa Reserve Battleford Agency Ojibwa Reserve Big Bears Ojibwa Reserve Birdtail Ojibwa Reserve Carlton Agency Ojibwa Reserve Clandeboye Agency Ojibwa Reserve Couchiching Agency Ojibwa Reserve Crooked Lakes Agency Ojibwa Reserve Decho Ojibwa Reserve Duck Lake Agency Ojibwa Reserve File Hills Ojibwa Reserve Ga Manis'tiguia Ojibwa Reserve Gwichin Ojibwa Reserve Hobbema Ojibwa Reserve Lake Manitoba Agency Ojibwa Reserve Lake of the Woods Agency Ojibwa Reserve Mishi Madaogiwining Ojibwa Reserve Misipawistik Agency Ojibwa Reserve Qu'Appelle Lakes Agency Ojibwa Reserve Rainy Lake Agency Ojibwa Reserve Sahtu Ojibwa Reserve Savanne Agency Ojibwa Reserve Tlicho Ojibwa Reserve Touchwood Hills Agency Ojibwa Reserve Tsimshian Ojibwa Reserve Walpole Island Ojibwa Reserve Wikwemikong Ojibwa Reserve

Lac La Ronge First Nation

Located at north-central Saskatchewan, Lac La Ronge First Nation is an Ojibwa First Nation nearly adjacent to La Ronge which is probably a predominantly Ojibwa town. Lac la Ronge First Nation is a part of Misipawistik Ojibwa Reserve. Below are links to google earth photos of Lac La Ronge, Air Ronge and kitsakie. Population of Lac La Ronge First Nation is 1,349 according to 2021's census. There are 336 housing units with 312 lived in. Average household size is 4.3 persons per household. An estimated 3.7% of the population is 70 years of age and older. Including Air Ronge (It's a predominantly Ojibwa Town - Canada will not accept this) and Kitsakie the population of Lac La Ronge First Nation increases to 3,245. Air Ronge has a population of 1,365 according to 2021's census. There are 465 housing units with 434 lived in. Average household size is 3.2 persons per household. An estimated 4.5% of the population is 70 years of age and older. That part of Air Ronge considered Lac La Ronge is located from Fairchild Street to Royal Avenue to Moochikun (Ojibwa word for fence) Street to Muhihkan (Ojibwa word for wolf) Pl to Wapos (Ojibwa word for rabbit) Avenue to Wilson Charles Drive. La Ronge has a population of 2,521 according to 2021's census. There are 1,034 housing units with 915 lived in. Average household size is 2.7 persons per household. La Ronge is a predominantly white town. Ojibwa's make up over 1,000 of the population of La Ronge. Canada is trying to assimilate them. An estimated 6.0% of the population is 70 years of age and older. An indicator La Ronge has a large Ojibwa population. Around 560 people speak Corrupted Ojibwa Language (210 Lac La Ronge - 125 Air Ronge - 130 Kitsakie - 95 La Ronge) which is what Lewis and Clark called Cree Language. They know their history and that they came from the Grand Rapids, Manitoba region. Read an excerpt from Treaty 5 Text below very carefully. Mouth of Saskatchewan River is located where Pine Bluff is. Saskatchewan Rivers Delta is located there. On both sides thereof. East of Grand Rapids is Lake Winnipeg. Authentic Ojibwa leaders would never agree to such a treaty in which they gave away everything forever! They are Saulteaux Ojibwa People. They are closely related to Ojibwa folks at Montreal Lake and Peter Ballantyne. In fact, both Montreal Lake and Lac la Ronge, signed an adhesion to Treaty 6 on February 11, 1889. What they don't know is they are also from Yellow Quills Ojibwa Subjects. Many relocated north during the late 19th century. More history information is below the photos links.

Lac La Ronge Satellite Image

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Air Ronge Satellite Image

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Kitsakie Satellite Image

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Treaty 5

We, the Band of the Saulteaux Tribe of Indians residing at the mouth of the Saskatchewan River, on both sides thereof, having had communication of the foregoing treaty, hereby, and in consideration of the provisions of the said treaty being extended to us, transfer, surrender and relinquish to Her Majesty the Queen, Her heirs and successors, to and for the use of the Government of Canada, all our right, title and privileges whatsoever, which we have or enjoy in the territory described in the said treaty, and every part thereof, to have and to hold to the use of Her Majesty the Queen and Her heirs and successors for ever. And Her Majesty agrees, through the said Commissioners, to assign a reserve of sufficient area to allow one hundred and sixty acres to each family of five, or in that proportion for larger or smaller families-such reserve to be laid off and surveyed next year on the south side of the River Saskatchewan.

Look for the mountain peak shape on the map. That's where Churchill is located. Churchill River is almost adjacent to Churchill Town. Part London of Hudson Bay is written above the mountain shaped peak. You can tell it's been violated! It should read "Part of Hudson Bay." Andrew Graham drew the map in 1774. In 1991, another source "Ruggles," either copied the 1774 map of Andrew Graham or changed it. Lake Winnipeg and Lake Manitoba (Mantouabau) look awkward! That's because the map is from southeast to northwest. Nekawawuck Indian Country represents Northern Ojibwa Territory. It's definition is not known. However, the "ne" represents point in Ojibwa Language so it refers to a place and people. Discovering what "ka-wa-wuck" means won't be easy! Word for "Freezing" in Ojibwa Language is either "Mash-ka-wad-ji-win or Ga-wad-ji-win." The 'd' is not pronounced. It's used to let learners know that the following 'j' is pronounced like judge, just, ect. Not like 'zhi.' Ne Ka-wa-wuck probably means "Point Freeze People." Pronunciation is "Nay Ga-wa-wug." An excellent description of the Churchill, Manitoba region! Of course, you've noticed the point where Churchill is! Keskachewan (Italians and the Beaver Tribe or Cree) Territory extends to almost Nunavut. Dogrib Territory (Ateemouspecky) Territory is located at southwest Nunavut.


This is a satellite image of the same region from google earth. It's from a southeast to northwest direction. It fits in well with the 1774 Andrew Graham Map. Lake Winnipeg looks almost similar to how it's depicted on the 1774 Andrew Graham Map.


What did they mean by "Keskachewans Resort Prior To European Settlements?" Were they indicating the Keskachewans resorted to migrate west. If they did resort to a west migration, Graham was writing about the establishment of Cumberland House at Saskatchewan in 1774 by Samuel Hearne. That would confirm the Keskachewans were Europeans with some of the Beaver Tribe (the Assiniboine and Cree) who sneaked their way to what is now the Cumberland House Region of Saskatchewan in 1774. Italians had already reached that area decades earlier! That's why Graham was familiar with that region! If Graham was referring to Italians reaching Manitoba and Saskatchewan in the 1730's and early 1750's that is! Fort de la Corne was built in 1753. It was located east of what is now Prince Albert, Saskatchewan almost adjacent to the east border of James Smith Reserve. Fort La Jonquiere was built in 1751 and was located near what is now Nipawin, Saskatchewan. Italians had established forts at south Manitoba in the 1730's. Using alcohol and drugs they lured in idiotic Ojibwa's (the Beaver Tribe or Assiniboine and Cree) who pitched their camps near the three Italian Forts built at south Manitoba. After Ojibwa Soldiers drove the Italians out during 1750-1763's War, those idiotic Ojibwa's relocated to European Forts adjacent to Hudson Bay. If Keskachewans do represent Europeans it means Northern Ojibwa Territory extends as far north as the Arctic Ocean! Graham wrote "NORTHERN KESKACHEWAN - BEAVER INDIANS." Cursive writing on the maps is very difficult to decipher. Graham was certainly referring to Europeans and idiotic Ojibwa's (the Assiniboine and Cree) as being the KESKACHEWANS AND BEAVER INDIANS. SOUTHERN KESKACHEWANS REPRESENT EUROPEANS OR ITALIAN'S. Evidently Italians continued to live at south Manitoba in the late 18th century. Though Graham wrote Assiniboine as Asenepoets we know who they are. Asenepoets is pronounced 'Ah-sin-ni-poats.' Read the following carefully. At Island Lake, Manitoba, Ojibwa leaders of Garden Hill, St. Theresa Point, Wasagamack and Red Sucker Lake are so stupid they don't know what "Oji" means. It's a combined word meaning "The originals." The "O" means 'the' in Ojibwa Language. Similar in sound to the Ojibwa word for 'that' which is "aw." It's pronounced "ow." It ryhmes with 'cow.' Oji is from "O Tchi Bwa." Word for before as in original in Ojibwa Language is "Tchi Bwa." It's pronounced "Tchib Bwa." Some Ojibwa Language Dialects pronounce it "Ji Bwa or Jib Bwa." They're scared and looking for excuses!